血吸虫病防控中渔船粪便无害化卫生设施的设计与实验室评价  

Design and laboratory assessment of the sanitary facilities for harmless decontamination of feces for fishing boat in schistosomiasis control

作　　者：周杰[1] 任光辉[1] 汤义虎 喻鑫玲[1] 李广平[1] 夏蒙[1] 罗志红[1] Zhou Jie;Ren Guanghui;Tang Yihu;Yu xinling;Li Guangping;Xia Meng;Luo Zhihong(HunanInstitute of Schistosomiasis control,WHO Cooperation Center for Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention in Lake Region,P.R.China.Hunan Provincial key Laboratory of Schistosomiasis Immunization and Transmission Control,Yueyang 414000,China;Yunjiangjingyi Technology Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.Yiyang 413000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省血吸虫病防治所、WHO湖区血吸虫病防治合作中心、血吸虫病免疫与传播控制湖南省重点实验室,湖南岳阳市414000 [2]沅江市精一科技机械制造有限公司

出　　处：《热带病与寄生虫学》2019年第2期66-70,82,共6页Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划项目(2017WK2363);岳阳市2015年巴陵人才工程科技创新创业人才团队项目(岳人才发[2015]2号)

摘　　要：目的设计研发基于血吸虫病防控的渔船粪便无害化卫生设施,使之达到灭杀血吸虫卵的效果,以控制渔船民传染源粪便污染洲滩。方法采用降解、过滤、消毒、高温灭杀(60℃,10 min)的化学及物理原理设计研发渔船粪便无害化卫生设施,采用实验室与现场设备验证的方法对所研发的粪便无害化卫生设施进行灭杀血吸虫卵效果观察。结果所研发的粪便无害化卫生设施经过实验室与现场实验均证明实验组具有完全灭杀血吸虫卵的效果,与对照组相比t分别为18. 01与16. 841(P <0. 05)。结论渔船粪便无害化卫生设施的研发填补了湖南省乃至全国渔船"厕所革命"的空白,在湖南省及我国渔船民血吸虫病防控中具有开创性意义,为其他同类行业卫生厕所研发提供了可借鉴的经验,对洞庭湖区渔船民改厕工作具有推广应用价值。Objective To design and develop the sanitary facilities for harmless disposal of feces in fishing boat based on schistosomiasis control purpose to ensureelimination of the schistosome eggs in feces for final prevention of theinfected fishermen’s feces from contamination of the marshlands. Methods Sanitaryfacility for harmless disposal of feces in fishing boat was developed and designed based on chemical and physical principle of decontamination,including filtration,disinfection and high-temperature treatment( 60℃,10 min) of the wastes from fishermen. Then the disposal effects on eradication of shistosome eggs were assessed via laboratory test and field verification of thefacilities. Results Laboratory test and field validation demonstrated that the developed sanitation facilities were able to completely eliminate schistosomeeggs in theexcreta from fishermen. The results of decontamination of feces were 16. 841 to 18. 01( control feces) by t-test( P = 0. 05). Conclusion Sanitary facilities for harmless disposal of the feces in fishing boat were successfully designed and developed,which fills in the gap for " toilet revolution" in fishing boats in Hunan province,and even across thecountry. This achievement is of pioneering significance in prevention and control of schistosomiasis in Hunan province and throughout China,and worthy of wider application to following prevention of schistosomiasis in Dongting Lake area by updating sanitary latrines in the fishing boats.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 渔船 无害化 卫生设施 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学] R124.2[医药卫生—临床医学]