一种新型化工过程热失控危险指数方法  

A new method of thermal runaway hazard index for chemical processes

作　　者：蒋军成 魏丹 倪磊 JIANG Juncheng;WEI Dan;NI Lei(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211800,China;School of Environment and Safety Engineering,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学安全科学与工程学院,江苏南京211800 [2]常州大学环境与安全工程学院,江苏常州213164

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第5期537-542,共6页Journal of Nanjing Tech University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21436006)

摘　　要：反应热失控是诱发化工事故的重要原因之一,而正确认知热失控危险是控制热失控的前提。如何全面准确地评估化工过程的热失控危险是化工安全领域颇受关注的问题。然而,目前与化工过程热失控危险相关的研究多集中于实验研究,完善与改进热失控危险评估方法的不多,且现有相关评估方法鲜有将物质和反应的热失控危险结合评估,这可能导致评估结果偏离实际热失控危险度。因此,本文提出了一种热失控危险指数(TRHI)评估方法。与火灾、爆炸危险指数(F&EI)类似,TRHI是物质系数与反应失控风险指数的乘积。首先,确定物质系数。物质系数是物质热稳定性指标,由物质的起始分解温度和最大功率密度确定。其次,通过失控可能性和严重度确定反应失控风险指数。在绝热条件下的最大反应速率到达时间和失控危险度等级用于确定该化工过程的失控可能性。失控反应的严重度由目标反应和二次反应的绝热温升确定。最后,使用预先定义的危险等级对TRHI的评估结果进行定级和分析。案例分析的结果表明TRHI评估方法能综合体现物质与反应共同对化工过程热失控危险的影响,为评估化工过程热失控危险提供了新思路。Thermal runaway reaction is one of the important causes of chemical accidents,and the primary condition for controlling the hazard is to identify and evaluate the hazard in advance.There is a need of an evaluation method that can reflect the hazard comprehensively and accurately.Actually,there are not much research work on improving the assessment method of thermal runaway hazard,and most related work is from experiments.Moreover,most existing methods do not take the thermal runaway hazard of materials and reaction into account simultaneously,which may lead the assessment to a deviation from the actual one.Therefore,an integrated approach called thermal runaway hazard index(TRHI)was developed in this paper.Similarly to fire and explosion index(F&EI)function,TRHI of chemical processs was the product of material factor and risk index of runway.Material factor was an indicator of material thermal hazards,which was determined by initial reaction temperature and maximum power density.Risk index which was the product of probability and severity,indicated the risk of thermal runaway processes.Time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions and critical classes of scenario were used to indicate the runaway probability of the reaction.Adiabatic temperature rise of the desired reaction and secondary reaction were used to determine the severity of runaway reaction.A predefined hazard level was used to classify and interpret the results obtained by the method,and the method was validated by case studies.The evaluation results reflected the effect of materials and reaction to the thermal runaway hazard of chemical processes.An available thermal runaway risk assessment method for chemical processes was provided.

关 键 词：化工工艺 热失控危险 F&EI 危险指数 

分 类 号：X93[环境科学与工程—安全科学]