被子植物心皮及其相关功能基因研究进展  

The Recent Advances in Research on Carpel and Related Functional Genes in Angiosperm

作　　者：杨静[1] 王为然[1] 朱家辉[1] 宁新民[1] 刘志清[1] 孔杰[1] 阿里甫·艾尔西[1] Yang Jing;Wang Wei-ran;Zhu Jia-hui;Ning Xin-min;Liu Zhi-qing;Kong jie;Alifu Aierxi(Institution of Commercial Crop,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2019年第8期1535-1543,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31660411,31460306);新疆农科院重点项目前期预研专项(xjkcpy-001);新疆农科院青年科技骨干创新能力培养(xjnkq-2019008);棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-09);转基因专项(2016ZX08005-005);科技部重点研发计划(2017YFD0101604);自治区天山英才计划(201720301)~~

摘　　要：【目的】汇总国内外心皮起源、作用和发育过程、遗传及激素调节、控制心皮发育的相关基因等研究结果,为作物多心皮品种改良提供参考。【方法】收集国内外文献资料,汇总、整理分析。【结果】心皮的起源目前有心皮学说和生殖叶学说两种学说;心皮具有保护胚珠、接受花粉致使卵细胞受精、保护和传播种子的作用;其发育过程通常在花的器官中经过折叠、卷曲形成内在的空间,胚珠被包裹在其中发育;心皮数目的遗传较为稳定,激素对其生长发育有重要影响;基因在调控心皮数量和发育方面具有重要作用。【结论】心皮作为被子植物雌蕊发育的关键,对于产量性状的建成极为重要。心皮研究应重点围绕心皮发育的全过程,尽早明晰调控心皮数量和发育的相关功能基因,通过基因改良培育出多心皮、高产优质品种。【Objective】Carpel is an important female organ in flowering plants,and it as a focus was researched in crop plants development.The origin of the carpel development,the function and development of the carpel,the quantity heredity of carpel and the adjust of hormone,and the gene to control of the carpel development,then the result were summarized the research progress on recent advances in china and abroad.The aim to as a guide for improvement the multi-carpel variety in crop.【Methods】The research progress of plant carpels that from the literature databases of china and abroad,then was consulted and analyzed.【Results】At present,there have two theories about the origin of carpel:one the theory of carpel and another theory of reproductive leaf;the carpel can protects ovules,receives pollen and makes some egg cells to fertilize,save and disseminates seeds;the development process of carpel is usually folded and curled at the internal space in the organs of flowers,in which the ovules are wrapped and developed.The number of carpels is increase was steady.hormone have important function and effect the carpels development.Genes play an important role in regulating the number and development of carpel.【Conclusion】As the key of pistil development in angiosperms,carpel is very important for the formation of yield traits.In the future,the study of carpel should focus on the whole process of carpel development.It is a feasible way to identify the functional genes regulating the number and development of carpel as soon as possible,and to breed multi-carpel,high-yield and high-quality varieties through gene improvement.

关 键 词：心皮发育 花器官 基因调控 分子生物学 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]