银川市郊温棚种植者化肥施用及禁限用重金属超标复混肥知晓情况  

Analysis of the Use of Chemical Fertilizers and the Limits of Heavy Metals Overweight Compound Fertilizers in the Shelter of Yinchuan City

作　　者：柴茹 周健[1] 朱玲勤[1] 曹博 杨惠芳[1] CHAI Ru;ZHOU Jian;ZHU Lingqin;CAO Bo;YANG Huifang(Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学

出　　处：《宁夏医科大学学报》2019年第7期739-742,共4页Journal of Ningxia Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81460490);2016年宁夏自治区重点研发计划项目(2016KJHM49)

摘　　要：目的了解银川市郊温棚种植者的化肥施用情况、对化肥危害的知晓情况及禁限用重金属超标复合肥知晓情况。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,在银川市郊区良田镇随机抽取2个蔬菜温棚种植村庄,每个村庄中再随机抽取从事蔬菜温棚作业1年以上、在本地居住5年以上的130例温棚种植者为调查对象,进行问卷调查。结果共收集到有效问卷121份,银川市郊区良田镇温棚种植者文化程度偏低,小学及以下者占72.8%;仅有19.8%的人参加过有关化肥施用或农作物质量安全方面的培训学习;54.5%的被调查者表示在施肥时无任何防护措施;不同年龄段的温棚种植者对于禁限用重金属含量超标的复混肥知晓率差异有统计意义(P<0.01);小学及以下学历种植者对禁限用重金属含量超标复混肥的知晓情况低于初中及以上学历者(P<0.01);与未向零售商咨询化肥施用知识、未接受专业培训、未采取防护措施的温棚种植者相比,向零售商咨询化肥施用知识、接受专业培训以及采取防护措施的温棚种植者的禁限用重金属含量超标复混肥知晓率均较高(P均<0.01)。结论银川市郊区良田镇温棚种植者文化水平相对较低,对于化肥合理施用以及重金属超标复混肥相关知识匮乏。建议有关部门积极开展安全使用技术培训,进一步提高温棚种植者有关化肥施用方面的知识水平。Objective To understand the chemical fertilizer use of greenhouse growers in Yinchuan City and their knowledge of chemical fertilizer hazards and the influencing factors of the forbidden limit of heavy metal over-standard compound fertilizer.Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to randomly select two vegetable greenhouses in Liangtian Town,Yinchuan City.In each village,greenhouse growers who worked in greenhouse for more than one year and lived in the local area for more than five years were randomly sampled for questionnaire survey.Results A total of 121 valid questions were collected,and the cultural level of the greenhouse growers in Liangtian Town,Yinchuan City was low,with 88 people in primary schools and below,accounting for 72.8%.Only 19.8%of people occasionally participated in training on chemical fertilizer application or crop quality and safety.54.5%of the respondents indicated that they did not have any protective measures when applying fertilizer.The awareness rate of compound fertilizers for greenhouse workers who have exceeded the limit of heavy metals in the greenhouse is different due to different age groups(P<0.01).Planters with primary school education and below have lower knowledge of the use of heavy metal content exceeding the standard compound fertilizer than the junior high school and above(P<0.01).Compared with greenhouse growers who have not consulted retailers about the use of fertilizers,have not received professional training,and have not taken protective measures,the greenhouse workers who have consulted the retailers about the use of chemical fertilizers,received professional training,and adopted protective measures have higher awareness rates of heavy metals and higher levels of compound fertilizers(P<0.01).Conclusion The cultural level of greenhouse growers in Liangtian Town,Yinchuan City,is relatively low,and there is a lack of knowledge about the rational use of chemical fertilizers and heavy metals exceeding standard compound fertilizers.It is recommended that relev

关 键 词：温棚种植 化肥 知晓情况 重金属含量 复混肥 

分 类 号：R139[医药卫生—劳动卫生]