多重镜像法求解三带电金属球的电场  

Multiple image method for the electrical field of the three charged metal spheres

作　　者：李鑫 矫滕菲 孙敏[1] 肖传云[1] 黄德财[1] LI Xin;JIAO Teng-fei;SUN Min;XIAO Chuan-yun;HUANG De-cai(Department of Applied Physics,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学应用物理系

出　　处：《大学物理》2019年第10期18-22,共5页College Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11574153)资助

摘　　要：镜像法是求解静电场的一种基本方法.本文通过电容法和电荷法两种方法来求解三金属球体系的多重镜像电荷,进而将带电金属球在空间的电场替代为各个等效电荷和镜像电荷产生的电场.通过对比电场的分布,验证了两种方法的正确性和一致性.进一步的研究结果表明,调节第三个金属球的位置和带电量可以实现两金属球之间的相互作用力由吸引向排斥的转变.结合Matlab软件,我们直接给出了双球和三球体系时电势在空间的分布.The image method is a basic method to solve electrostatic field.This paper has used capacitance and charge methods to obtain multiple image charges of a system of three metal spheres.The distribution of electrostatic field is calculated by the effective and image charges.The numerical results confirm the consistence of the derived analytic results.The transition from attractive to repulsive interaction between two metal spheres can be realized by modulating the position and charged quantity of third metal sphere.By using Matlab software,the distribution of electric potential is directly compared for the system of two and three metal spheres.

关 键 词：电场 金属球 镜像法 

分 类 号：O4-3[理学—物理]