川西高山峡谷区6种森林枯落物的持水与失水特性  

Water-holding and Water-loss Characteristics of Six Types of Forest Litter in the Alpine Gorge Region of Western Sichuan

作　　者：刘一霖 温娅檬 李巧玉[3] 陈娟[3] 张小晶 吴福忠[1] 杨万勤 谭波[1] LIU Yilin;WEN Yameng;LI Qiaoyu;CHEN Juan;ZHANG Xiaojing;WU Fuzhong;YANG Wanqin;TAN Bo(Sichuan Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River,Institute of Forestry&Ecology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130;School of Life Science,Taizhou University,Taizhou,Zhejiang 318000;Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室,四川农业大学生态林业研究所,成都611130 [2]台州学院生命科学学院,浙江台州318000 [3]三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2019年第5期151-156,162,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505003,2017YFC0503906);四川省重点研发项目(2018SZDZX0030)

摘　　要：川西高山峡谷区森林较高的地表枯落物储量可能具有较好的水文生态效益,但缺乏研究关注。以川西高山峡谷区6种森林为对象,在雨季调查了不同森林地表枯落物的持水和失水特性。结果表明:(1)川西高山峡谷区林地枯落物蓄积量与最大持水量和有效拦蓄量呈显著正相关,林地枯落物蓄积量为6.90~17.49 t/hm^2,最大持水量为1.64~5.42 mm,最大持水率为138.18%~330.09%,有效拦蓄量为0.53~3.33 mm,有效拦蓄率为77.57%~203.02%。(2)相对其他森林,亮叶桦(Betula luminifera)-青麸杨(Rhus potaninii)林枯落物的持水性能最好,橿子栎(Quercus baronii)-白刺花(Sophora davidii)-黄栌(Cotinus coggygria)林枯落物的持水性能最差。(3)林地枯落物的累积持水量和累积失水量分别随浸泡时间和失水时间的增加呈对数形式变化,但枯落物吸水速率和失水速率分别与浸泡时间和失水时间呈显著的幂函数关系。川西高山峡谷区森林枯落物在雨季具有明显吸持拦蓄降雨的功能,且以亮叶桦-青麸杨林最好,研究结果为该区森林生态建设和生态效益评价提供了参考依据。Forests in the alpine gorge area of western Sichuan may have higher hydrological ecological benefits due to the higher reserves of forest litter,but scant research is available.Therefore,the water-holding and water-loss characteristics of the forest litter in six types of forests in this region were investigated during the rainy season.The results showed that:(1)The forest litter storage had a significant positive correlation with the maximum water-holding capacity and modified interception amount in the alpine gorge region of western Sichuan.The forest litter storage,maximum water-holding capacity,maximum water-holding rate,modified interception amount and modified interception rate were 6.90~17.49 t/hm^ 2,1.64~5.42 mm,138.18%~330.09%,0.53~3.33 mm and 77.57%~203.02%,respectively.(2)Compared with other forests,the litter of Betula luminifera-Rhus potaninii forest had the best water holding characteristic,while the litter of Quercus baronii-Sophora davidii-Cotinus coggygria forest had the worst.(3)The cumulative water-holding capacity and cumulative water loss capacity of forest litter varied logarithmically with increasing soaking time and water loss time,respectively.But the water absorption rate and water loss rate showed a remarkable power function relationship with soaking time and water loss time,respectively.The forest litter in the alpine gorge area of western Sichuan had obvious function of absorbing and intercepting rainfall during the rainy season,and the best one was B.luminifera-R.potaninii forest in this region.These results provided reference basis for forest ecological construction and the ecological benefit evaluation in the alpine gorge area of western Sichuan.

关 键 词：高山峡谷区 林地枯落物 持水能力 失水特性 

分 类 号：S715.7[农业科学—林学] S718.56