控施肥料对黄河三角洲盐碱土区苜蓿草地产量及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Controlled Release Fertilizer on Alfalfa Grassland Yield and Soil Nutrients in Saline-alkali Soil Region of Yellow River Delta

作　　者：李烨 张民[1] 焦树英[1] 李永强[1] 贾继文[1] 沈玉文[2] 张子胥 孔柏舒 LI Ye;ZHANG Min;JIAO Shuying;LI Yongqiang;JIA Jiwen;SHEN Yuwen;ZHANG Zixu;KONG Baishu(National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100)

机构地区：[1]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,济南250100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2019年第5期217-222,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800602);山东省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2016CYJS05A02,2017CXGC0304);国家自然科学基金项目(31302014);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016BQ30)

摘　　要：采用田间随机区组试验方法,对黄河三角洲盐碱垦殖区苜蓿草地进行施肥处理,以期获得肥料类型对苜蓿产量的影响效应和土壤养分变化情况,为黄河三角洲退化苜蓿草地恢复和延缓衰退提出科学依据,对维护黄河三角洲苜蓿草地功能和周边环境具有重要的生态学意义。结果表明:不同类型肥料的输入均能显著提高苜蓿产量,平均增产幅度为19%,对于不同类型肥料,速效肥短期内可以取得较好的苜蓿生物学产量;但从周年生产来看,控释肥I(AF)和控释肥Ⅱ(BF)均可以促进分枝数量、根系长度、体积和干重增加,而控释肥Ⅱ(BF)表现为增产效果最好,比对照增产22%,控释肥I(AF)与速效肥(HF)差异显著(P<0.05)。不同类型肥料对土壤营养特性作用效果不同,施肥区0-20 cm深度的速效磷和速效钾含量普遍比对照区高1.5~3.0倍,这也是施肥区域苜蓿总产量提高的物质基础,说明在黄河三角洲地区,合理的施肥措施可以促进苜蓿产量的提高和土壤养分的变化,牧草的增产为草地恢复和延缓衰退奠定了基础。The field randomized block experiment method was used to apply fertilizer to alfalfa fields in saline-alkali reclamation areas of the Yellow River Delta,in order to obtain the effects of fertilizer types on alfalfa yield and the changes of soil nutrients,and provide scientific basis for the restoration and delaying recession of alfalfa fields in the Yellow River Delta,and this research had important ecological significance for maintaining the functions of alfalfa fields and the surrounding environment in the Yellow River Delta.The results showed that the application of different types of fertilizers could significantly improve the alfalfa yield,with an average increase of 19%.For different types of fertilizers,the quick-acting fertilizer could get better biological yield of alfalfa in a short period.However,for the annual production,controlled release fertilizer I(AF)and controlled release fertilizer II(BF)could promote the increase of branch number,root length,volume and dry weight,while controlled-release fertilizer II(BF)was the best in improving the alfalfa yield,it improved the yield by 22%compared with the CK,and there was a significant difference in the yield between controlled release fertilizer I(AF)and quick-acting fertilizer(HF)(P<0.05).The different type fertilizer had different effects on soil nutrient characteristics,the content of soil available potassium and available phosphorus in 0-20 cm depth of fertilizer treatment plots was 1.5~3.0 times higher than that of CK,and this was also the material basis for the increase of total alfalfa yield in the fertilization area,which indicated that reasonable fertilization measures could promote the increase of alfalfa yield and the change of soil nutrients in the Yellow River Delta area,and the increase of forage yield laid a foundation for grassland restoration and delaying recession.

关 键 词：黄河三角洲 控释肥 苜蓿草 苜蓿产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]