旱作雨养条件下小麦农艺性状与产量及抗旱性的关系  

Relationship between Agronomic Characters,Yield and Drought Resistance of Wheat under Rain-fed Dry Farming Conditions

作　　者：闫金龙[1] 张俊灵[1] 张东旭[1] 冯丽云[1] 张树彬[1] YAN Jinlong;ZHANG Junling;ZHANG Dongxu;FENG Liyun;ZHANG Shubin(Institute of Millet,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changzhi 046011,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院谷子研究所

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2019年第10期1766-1769,1777,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0101000,2017YFD0101002);山西省农业科学院生物育种工程项目(17yzgc018)

摘　　要：为挖掘旱地小麦育种中可选择的表型性状,以小麦重组自交系群体(长6878×长4738)F3的220个株系为试验材料,在旱作雨养(drought stress,DS)和正常灌溉(well-watered,WW)2种条件下种植,在旱作雨养条件下测量成株期株高、穗长、每穗小穗数、不育小穗数、穗粒数、分蘖数、千粒质量和小区产量,正常灌溉条件下测量其小区产量,计算抗旱指数,并分析农艺性状与旱作产量、抗旱指数的相关性。结果表明,群体各性状指数表型变异广泛,由大到小依次为抗旱指数>不育小穗数>干旱产量>灌溉产量>分蘖数>穗粒数>穗长>千粒质量>株高>每穗小穗数;旱作雨养条件下的产量与株高、千粒质量、每穗小穗数、穗粒数呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.358,0.331,0.169,0.211,与分蘖数呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.148;旱作雨养条件下株高与千粒质量、穗长、不育小穗数、抗旱指数呈显著或极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.331,0.193,0.138,0.242;旱作雨养条件下分蘖数与产量、千粒质量、穗长、每穗小穗数、穗粒数呈显著或极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.148,-0.155,-0.157,-0.242,-0.326;抗旱指数与株高、千粒质量、每穗小穗数、分蘖数呈显著或极显著相关性,相关系数分别为0.242,0.306,0.141,-0.212。表明旱作条件下的株高、千粒质量、穗粒数、每穗小穗数在一定程度上能反映品种的抗旱性,可以作为旱地小麦品种选育的表型指标;旱作条件下分蘖过多会影响小麦穗部性状的发育,降低穗粒数和千粒质量,在旱地品种选育中,应选择分蘖力中等、成穗率高的品种;旱作条件下品种的抗旱性对最终产量的形成至关重要,在旱地品种选育和推广中应选择旱作丰产性好的品种。To explore the optional phenotypic characters in the dry land wheat breeding,a set of recombinant inbred lines F3 lines generated from cross Chang 6878×Chang 4738 were used as the materials to plant under both drought stress(DS)and well-watered(WW)conditions.Plant height,ear length,spikelet number per spike,sterile spikelet number,grain number per spike,tiller number,1 000-grain quality and plot yield were measured under drought stress condition,and plot yield was measured under well-watered condition.The drought resistance index was calculated and the correlation between agronomic characters,yield and drought resistance index was analyzed.The results showed that all index of phenotypic variation of the group from big to small in turn was drought resistance index>sterile spikelet number>drought yield>irrigation yield>tiller number>grain number per spike>ear length>1 000-grain quality>plant height>spikelet number per spike.Under the drought stress condition,the yield showed extremely significant positive correlation with plant height,1 000-grain quality,spikelet number per spike and grain number per spike,with correlation coefficients of 0.358,0.331,0.169 and 0.211,respectively,and significant negative correlation with tiller number,with correlation coefficient of-0.148.Under the drought stress condition,the plant height was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with 1 000-grain quality,ear length,sterile spikelet number and drought resistance index,with correlation coefficients of 0.331,0.193,0.138 and 0.242,respectively.Under the drought stress condition,tiller numbwr was significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with yield,1 000-grain quality,spike length,spikelet number per spike and grain number per spike,with correlation coefficients of-0.148,-0.155,-0.157,-0.242 and-0.326,respectively.The drought resistance index was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with plant height,1 000-grain quality,spikelet number per spike and tiller number,with correla

关 键 词：小麦 农艺性状 产量 抗旱指数 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]