不同种植环境和密度对机械化栽培高粱农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Planting Environment and Density on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Mechanized Sorghum

作　　者：詹鹏杰[1] 平俊爱[1] 楚建强[1] 李燕[1] ZHAN Pengjie;PING Jun'ai;CHU Jianqiang;LI Yan(Institute of Sorghum,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,Jinzhong 030600,China;Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院高粱研究所高粱遗传与种质创新山西省重点实验室

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2019年第10期1783-1788,1814,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1001000);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-06);山西省农业科学院特色农业技术攻关项目(YGG17014);山西省农业科学院优势课题组项目(YCX2018D2YS11);酿造专用高粱育种及利用山西省科技创新重点团队运行补助项目(201805D131012-6);山西省科技基础条件平台项目(201605D121018);高粱遗传育种与种质创新山西省重点实验室青年基金课题(2018Q-3)

摘　　要：合理的种植密度和种植环境是提高作物产量的有效途径之一,在有机旱作农业和高粱机械化生产中具有重要意义。以高粱品种晋杂108号、汾酒粱1号、晋杂34号为试验材料,采用二因素裂区试验设计,主区为种植环境,即旱地、瘠薄地、水肥地,裂区为种植密度,设15万、18万、21万、24万、27万株/hm^2共5个种植密度,研究不同密度处理、不同环境条件下高粱12个农艺性状指标和产量的变化规律,旨在通过研究不同种植密度和不同种植环境对高粱产量及产量构成因子的影响,为进一步明确机械化栽培高粱合理种植密度及最佳种植环境提供理论依据。结果表明,不同种植环境对高粱主要性状指标和产量影响明显,相比水肥地种植环境,在瘠薄地和旱地种植环境下高粱株高降低,千粒质量减少,产量下降;随着种植密度增加其产量降低,而穗柄长随密度增加而增长,其中,正常水肥地在密度为15万株/hm^2条件下,晋杂108号产量达到最高(7 143.7 kg/hm^2),瘠薄地处理条件下汾酒粱1号在种植密度为21万株/hm^2条件下产量最高(1 177.2 kg/hm^2),旱地环境在密度为15万株/hm2条件下,晋杂34号产量表现优异(799.5 kg/hm^2)。说明种植环境和种植密度均会影响高粱的农艺性状和产量,在适宜的种植环境下,适当提高种植密度是提升机械化栽培高粱产量的关键。Suitable planting density and environment is one of the most effective factors to improve crop yield,which is of great significance in organic dry farming and mechanized production of sorghum.The effects of different planting densities and different planting environments on yield and components of sorghum yield were studied to provide theoretical basis for further clarifying the rational planting density and optimal planting environment of mechanized sorghum.The sorghum varieties Jinza 108,Fenjiuliang 1 and Jinza 34 were used as experimental materials.A two-factor split plot test design was adopted.Dryland,barren land,water and fertilizer land were set up in the main plot for planting environment.Five planting densities including 150 000,180 000,210 000,240 000,270 000 plants/hm^2,were set up in the fissure zone and repeated for three times,which agronomic traits and yield of sorghum under different density treatments and different planting environment conditions were studied.The results showed that the main characters and yield of sorghum were significantly affected by different planting environments.Compared with water and fertilizer planting environments,the plant height,1 000-grain quality and yield of sorghum decreased in barren and dry land planting environments.Planting density had a certain effect on sorghum yield and panicle stalk length,which indicated that the yield decreased with the increase of planting density,while the panicle stalk length increased with the increase of planting density.The yield of Jinza 108 reached the highest(7 143.7 kg/hm^2)under the condition of 150 000 plants/hm^2 in normal water and fertilizer fields,and that of Fenjiuliang 1 under the condition of barren land treatment reached the highest(1 177.2 kg/hm^2)with the planting density of 210 000 plants/hm^2.The yield of Jinza 34 was excellent under the condition of 150 000 plants/hm^2 in dry land environment,with the yield of 799.5 kg/hm^2.Both planting environment and planting density can affect the agronomic characters and yie

关 键 词：密度 种植环境 高粱 产量 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]