甘蓝型油菜抗裂角性生理生化研究  

Physiology and biochemistry on silique shattering resistance in Brassica napus L.

作　　者：朱程 黄桃翠[1] 唐世义[1] 刘希忠 胡承伟 ZHU Cheng;HUANG Tao-cui;TANG Shi-yi;LIU Xi-zhong;HU Cheng-wei(Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400000,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2019年第5期735-740,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：重庆市农业科学院青年创新团队项目(NKY-2018QC01);重庆市科研院所绩效激励引导专项项目(cstc2018jxjl80044)

摘　　要：油菜成熟时角果的开裂性严重影响产量和机械化收割效率。为更多地了解裂角的生理生化过程,选取抗裂角性强的甘蓝型油菜品种庆油1号及其母本0911为材料,以两个易裂角材料为对照,测定角果发育过程中角果皮内含水量、乙烯合成速率、内切纤维素酶活性和成熟期生长素(吲哚乙酸、IAA)含量等生理生化指标。结果表明,在角果成熟过程中,抗裂角和易裂角材料的角果皮内乙烯合成速率相近;在角果发育后期的花后55d,抗裂角的角果皮含水量显著高于易裂角材料,内切纤维素酶活性峰值显著低于易裂角材料,而成熟期IAA的含量则高于易裂角材料。推测这些生理生化指标的差异与油菜角果的裂角性密切相关;在成熟过程中,角果脱水速率更慢的材料抗裂角能力更强;成熟角果的脱水速率可作为筛选油菜抗裂角种质资源的重要指标。Shattering resistance of rapeseed(Brassica napus)fruit seriously affects yield and harvest by ma chine.To study the physiological and biochemical features on silique shattering resistance,2 resistant varieties(Qin gyou 1 and its parent 0911)and 2 easy-crack materials were tested by measuring their water content,ethylene syn thesis rate,endocellulase activity and IAA content.The results showed that synthesis rate of ethylene was similar to maturing siliques from all materials.55 days after flowering,contents of water and IAA in silique of the shatter-re sistant materials were significantly higher,while the peak of cellulase activity in siliques was significantly lower in resistant varieties.And the IAA content was higher in the resistant ones.It was suggested that characteristics above were closely related to silique shattering.In the process of silique maturing and dehydration,materials with slower rate of dehydration might have stronger silique-shattering resistance.Thus the dehydration rate of maturing silique could be used as an important indicator for silique-shattering resistant rapeseed.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 庆油1号 抗裂角 生理 生化 脱水率 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学] Q945.65[生物学—植物学]