国产苜蓿属植物的分类与资源分布特征  

Classification and distribution of domestic species of genus Medicagoin China

作　　者：方强恩 李宇泊[2] Fang Qiangen;Li Yubo(Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Informati on Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃省草业工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学信息科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草原与草业》2019年第3期1-7,共7页Grassland and Prataculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760703);甘肃农业大学盛彤笙科技创新基金(GSAU-STS-1228)项目资助

摘　　要：通过搜集整理文献,查阅标本,对我国国产苜蓿属植物资源及其分布特征进行了初步分析,结果显示:我国具有详细文献或标本记载的苜蓿属植物种质资源共计18种7变种6变型,其中无分类异议的仅有6种,分别是天蓝苜蓿、阔荚苜蓿、小苜蓿、南苜蓿、褐斑苜蓿和紫花苜蓿;世界苜蓿属分类系统没有接受国内系统中对阿拉善苜蓿、罗马苜蓿、蓝花苜蓿、野苜蓿和杂交苜蓿及其变种变型的分类处理结果,而是将此类与紫花苜蓿亲缘关系近、种间存在天然杂交的苜蓿属资源合称为紫花苜蓿复合体;我国国产苜蓿属植物主要分布在新疆、甘肃、西藏、青海、内蒙、陕西和四川西南部,其中新疆是我国苜蓿属植物分布最集中的地区。分析认为,我国苜蓿属植物资源丰富,搜集国产苜蓿属及其近缘属种质资源,运用最新分子鉴定技术,理清近缘属种间的分类界限,对苜蓿属优良牧草基因资源的发掘和育种具有重要的理论价值。By collecting literature and referring to specimens,the classification and distribution characteristics of domestic species of genus Medicago in China was preliminary analysed.The results showed that:In China,18 species,7 varieties and 6 variants of genus Medicago have been recorded in detailed documents or specimens,of which only 6 species have no classification objections,namely Medicago lupulina,M.platycarpos,M.minima,M.polymorpha,M.arabica and M.sativa.The classification system of the genus Medicago in the world did not accept the results of M.alaschanica,M.romanica,M.varia,M.falcate and M.caerulea in the domestic classification system.Instead,these resources,which are closely related to M.sativa and have natural hybridization between species,are collectively referred to as M.sativa complexes.The domestic species of genus Medicago in China are mainly distributed in Xinjiang,Gansu,Tibet,Qinghai,Inner Mongolia,Shaanxi and southwestern Sichuan.Xinjiang is the most concentrated area of Medicago plants in China.The analysis shows that the plant resources of the genus Medicago in China are abundant.It is of great theoretical value to excavate and breed the fine forage gene resources of alfalfa by collecting the resources of germplasm of the genus Medicago and clearing the classification boundaries between species of the genus.

关 键 词：苜蓿属 分类 地理分布 近缘种 

分 类 号：Q949[生物学—植物学]