膜际条播和播量对旱地冬小麦土壤水分及产量的影响  

Effects ofsowing between mulch films and different seeding rates on soil moisture and grain yield of winter wheat in arid land

作　　者：尹璐 高志强[1] 孙敏[1] 任爱霞[1] 林文 薛建福[1] 曹碧芸 Yin Lu;Gao Zhiqiang;Sun Min;Ren Aixia;Lin Wen;Xue Jianfu;Cao Biyun(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第6期19-25,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项经费(CARS-03-01-24);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YF020040105);国家自然基金(31771727);山西省科技创新团队项目(201605D131041);作物生态与旱作栽培生理山西省重点实验室(201705D111007);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2017-068)

摘　　要：[目的]探索旱地冬小麦膜际条播和播量对关键生育时期土壤水分、群体分蘖数、分蘖速率及其产量的影响,明确旱地冬小麦膜际条播的最佳播量。[方法]本研究于2014—2016年在山西省闻喜县旱地麦田进行大田试验,以膜际条播与常规条播为主区,以90 kg·hm^-2(低播量,LB)、105 kg·hm^-2(高播量,HB)两个播量为副区,研究两种播种方式与高低播量对土壤水分、群体分蘖数和产量形成的影响及其节水增产效果。[结果]膜际条播较常规条播显著提高拔节期0~100 cm土壤蓄水量,提高开花期80~200 cm土壤蓄水量;显著提高各生育时期群体分蘖数,提高冬前分蘖速率;提高穗数4%~27%,产量11%~41%,水分利用效率8%~47%;显著提高穗长、可孕小穗、干物质量;显著降低不孕小穗。且膜际条播条件下,播量90 kg·hm^-2较105 kg·hm^-2减少拔节期土壤水分消耗,减少开花期深层土壤水分消耗,其中,2014—2015年处理差异不显著;显著提高开花期、成熟期群体分蘖数,显著提高拔节-开花分蘖速率;显著提高穗数、穗粒数、产量和水分利用效率,提高千粒重。此外,膜际条播处理,单位粮食生产的节水量提高10%以上,每消耗1 mm土壤水分产量提高10%以上,且配套播量90 kg·hm^-2单位粮食生产的节水量提高18%以上,消耗1 mm土壤水分增产量提高18%以上。[结论]旱地冬小麦膜际条播有利于提高生育前期上层土壤水分,有利于提高生育后期深层土壤水分,促进可孕小穗的形成,提高穗数、产量、水分利用效率,且配套90 kg·hm^-2节水、增产效果更佳。[Objective]The present study was designed to explore the effects of seed sowing between mulch films and different seeding rates of winter wheat on the soil moisture level,tiller number per plant,tiller rate in key growing seasons and its influence on grain yield,and to clarify the optimal sowing rate of winter wheat with mentioned method in arid land.[Methods]The field trialswere carried out in Wenxi,Shanxi province from 2014 to 2016 in the arid landwinter wheat field.A randomized complete block design was conducted,and two different seed sowing methods including between mulch films sowing(F)and drilling sowing(D)were selected as the main factors and different seeding rates,including 90 kg·hm^-2(Low-broadcast,LB)and 105 kg·hm^-2(High-broadcast,HB)served as secondary factors to study the effects of different sowing methods and different sowing rates on the soil moisture,tiller number,grain yield and water-saving capacity of crops.[Results]Compared to D treatment,F treatment significantly increased soil water storage at the depth of 0~100 cm during the jointing stage,and at the depth of 80~200 cm during the anthesis stage;both the tiller number and tiller rates were significantly increased at the growing period and pre-wintering stage,respectively.Wheat spike number was significantly increased by 4%~27%,with yield increasedby 11%~41%and water use efficiencyby 8%~47%.Spike length,grain-bearing spike number,and dry matter weight were significantly and positively affected,andsterility spike number wassignificantly reduced.In F treatment,soil water consumption were reduced at the jointing stage with the sowing rate at 90 kg·hm^-2;deep layers soil water consumption was also reduced at the anthesis stage,but no significant difference was observed in 2014 and 2015;the tiller number was significantly increased at both anthesis stage and maturity stage;the tillers rate was enhanced between anthesis stage and maturity stage;wheat spike number,grain number,1000-grain weight,water use efficiency and yield were all significa

关 键 词：旱地冬小麦 膜际条播 播量 土壤蓄水量 籽粒产量构成 节水增产 

分 类 号：S945[农业科学—水产养殖]