微生物肥对设施土壤次生盐渍化和番茄生产的影响  

Effects of microbial fertilizer on soil secondary salinization and tomato production in protected cultivation

作　　者：张绪美 曹亚茹 沈文忠 管永祥 曾晓萍 马金骏 胡青青 ZHANG Xu-mei;CAO Ya-ru;SHEN Wen-zhong;GUAN Yong-xiang;ZENG Xiao-ping;MA Jin-jun;HU Qing-qing(Taicang Agro-Tech Extension Centre,Taicang Jiangsu 215400;Jiangsu Agro-Tech Extension Station,Nanjing Jiangsu 210036)

机构地区：[1]太仓市农业技术推广中心,江苏太仓215400 [2]江苏省农业技术推广总站,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2019年第5期119-126,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：2017年省重点研发计划(现代农业)“设施蔬菜绿色高效生产关键技术研发项目(编号：BE2017380)”;2018年苏州科技发展计划(农业科技创新)“土壤生态功能退化条件下设施蔬菜高效生态栽培关键技术研究与集成示范(编号：SNG2018088)”

摘　　要：以江苏太仓设施番茄发生次生盐渍化土壤为研究对象,通过农田小区定位试验,研究施用微生物肥料对设施栽培土壤次生盐渍化的缓解作用和对番茄生产的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,施用微生物肥各处理土壤中微生物量均明显提升,其中细菌、放线菌比对照平均分别增加了64.80%、40.28%;土壤含盐量显著下降,其中施用1.2 kg/m^2时,pH值提升最高,NO3-含量下降最为显著,分别达60.29%、96.18%;T1、T2、T3、T4总盐含量分别下降了0.76、1.49、1.54、1.87 g/kg;土壤质量和养分含量也有所改善,其中土壤容重下降了1.60%~11.20%,有机质含量上升幅度为4.81%~28.35%;全氮在0.9 kg/m^2时含量最高,提高了29.41%;而速效养分含量随微生物肥用量增加却呈下降趋势,有效磷下降了3.88%~29.85%;施用微生物肥亦降低了土壤中Cd浓度,且在1.2 kg/m^2时下降幅度最大,达到76.09%;微生物肥对番茄生长状况也产生了显著影响,茎粗、叶龄在生长期内有所提高,尤其在0.3、0.6 kg/m^2时,对生长指标的促进作用尤为明显;施用微生物肥对番茄产量也产生显著影响,在微生物肥用量为0.9 kg/m^2时坐果数和总重最大,分别高于常规施肥处理42.86%、36.36%。由此得出,施用微生物肥料能改善土壤条件,降低土壤含盐量,缓解设施土壤次生盐渍化状况,从而增加番茄产量,提高番茄品质。综合考虑土壤改良效果与经济成本,每公顷施用6 000~9 000 kg为宜。In this study,the effects of microbial fertilizers on the soil secondary salinization and tomato production in protected cultivation were studied through filed experiments in Taicang,Jiangsu.The results showed that the microbial biomass increased and the soil salt content decreased significantly in soil treated with microbial fertilizer comparing with normal fertilization treatment,and the average increase of bacteria and actinomycetes reached 64.80%and 40.28%respectively.In addition,when the application rate of microbial fertilizer was 1.2 kg/m^2,the soil pH had the largest increase by 60.29%and the concentration of NO3-decrease the most by 96.18%.The contents of total salinity in T1,T2,T3,T4 decreased with 0.76,1.49,1.54,1.87 g/kg respectively.Soil quality and nutrient content were also improved by microbial fertilizers,among them,the bulk density decreased with 1.60%~11.20%and organic matter content increased with 4.81%~28.35%.And when the application rate of microbial fertilizer was 0.9 kg/m^2,the soil total nitrogen content had the largest increase by 29.41%.However,the application of microbial fertilizers decreased the content of available phosphorus with 3.88%~29.85%.And microbial fertilizers also decreased the concentration of Cd in soil and when the application rate of microbial fertilizer was 1.2 kg/m^2,the decrease was the largest,which was 76.09%.On the other hand,microbial fertilizer also had a significant effect on tomato growth.Stem diameter,leaf age and crown width increased during the growth period,and the promoting effects was particularly obvious with the microbial fertilizer application at 0.3 and 0.6 kg/m^2.And microbial fertilizer also influenced the tomato yield and quality.When the application rate of microbial fertilizer was 0.9 kg/m^2,both fruit amount and total weight were the highest among the different treatments and higher than that in normal fertilization treatment with 42.86%and 36.36%respectively.As a result,the application of microbial fertilizers could significantly improve soil

关 键 词：微生物肥 设施栽培 生物改良 次生盐渍化 番茄 

分 类 号：S64[农业科学—蔬菜学]