畜禽粪便堆肥快速升温除臭多功能复合菌剂及其应用  

Research and application of multifunctional agent for warming and deodorizing in livestock manure composting

作　　者：徐杰[1] 许修宏[1] 门梦琪 行国瑞 谷猛 杨阳[1] 杨荣艺 边鑫雨 XU Jie;XU Xiu-hong;MEN Meng-qi;XING Guo-rui;GU Meng;YANG Yang;YANG Rong-yi;BIAN Xin-yu(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2019年第5期200-206,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

摘　　要：采用多重筛选方法相结合,从土壤、秸秆、堆肥等不同来源样品中分离得到4株具有较强纤维素降解能力细菌A531、A422、B622和C631,该4株菌株同时具有使堆肥快速升温和有效除臭潜力。经菌体形态观察、生理生化分析及16S rDNA鉴定,其中两株分别为蜡状芽孢杆菌(A531)、白色芽孢杆菌(C631),菌株A422和B622须进一步鉴定。将该4株菌与本实验室保藏的1株氨氧化细菌(新型耐热芽孢杆菌Aliibacillus thermotolerans)BM62按照不同比例配制成复合菌剂进行堆肥功能验证,结果表明,菌株A531、A422、B622、C631和BM62按照1∶1∶1∶1∶1的比例混合进行堆肥,与对照堆肥相比,添加菌剂的堆肥中纤维素降解率提高19.83%,总氮损失率降低10%,NO2-含量增加46.6%,NH3挥发率降低35.5%;将此复合菌剂各菌株比例调整为2∶2∶1∶1∶1的堆肥结果为,纤维素降解率提高了21.73%,总氮损失率减少8.1%,NO2^-含量增加39.7%,NH3挥发减少23.1%;将此复合菌剂各菌株比例调整为1∶2∶1∶2∶1的堆肥结果为,纤维素降解率提高了18.86%,总氮损失率减少了11.2%,NO2^-含量增加了49.1%,NH3挥发减少42.6%。以上结果表明,此复合菌剂可以明显降低堆肥过程不愉快气味,降低堆肥中氮素损失,快速有效分解纤维素等有机物质,具有很好的应用价值和社会意义。Four strains of bacteria with cellulose degradation ability,including A531,A422,B622 and C631,were isolated from soil,straw and compost using a combination of multiple screening methods.These strains also have the potentiality of rapid heating and effective deodorization in compost.Strain A531 belongs to Bacillus cereus and strain C631 belongs to Bacillus whiteus according to the morphological observation,physiological and biochemical analysis and 16S rDNA identification.The specific classification of strains A422 and B622 requires further identification to determine.The four strains were combined with Aliibacillus thermotolerans BM62 which preserved in our laboratory to prepare the complex inocula for composting function.The results showed that,compared with the control,compost when strains A531,A422,B622,C631 and BM62 were mixed in the ratio of 1∶1∶1∶1∶1 and added to the compost,the cellulose degradation rate increased by 19.83%,the total nitrogen loss rate decreased by 10%,the NO2^-content increased by 46.6%,and NH3 volatilization rate decreased by 35.5%.When the ratio of each strain of the composite agent was adjusted to 2∶2∶1∶1∶1,the cellulose degradation rate increased by 21.73%,the total nitrogen loss rate decreased by 8.1%,the NO2^-content increased by 39.7%,and the NH3 volatilization rate decreased by 23.1%.When the proportion of each strain of the composite agent was changed to 1∶2∶1∶2∶1,the cellulose degradation rate increased by 18.86%,the total nitrogen loss rate decreased by 11.2%,and the NO2-content increased 49.1%,NH3 volatilization decreased by 42.6%.These results indicated that the composite microbial agent can significantly reduce the unpleasant odor of the composting process,reduce the nitrogen loss in the compost,and degrade cellulose effectively.

关 键 词：畜禽粪便堆肥 复合菌剂 筛选 鉴定 纤维素降解 升温除臭 

分 类 号：S14[农业科学—肥料学]