微塑料对海洋生物的影响研究进展  

Research advances on the effects of microplastics on marine organisms

作　　者：许彩娜 张悦 袁骐[1] 蒋玫[1] 郑亮[1] 隋延鸣[1] 穆景利[3] 王云龙[1] 王翠华[1] XU Cai-na;ZHANG Yue;YUAN Qi;JIANG Mei;ZHENG Liang;SUI Yan-ming;MU Jing-li;WANG Yun-long;WANG Cui-hua(East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,China Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas of State Oceanic Administration,National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalina Liaoning 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]国家海洋局近岸海洋生态环境重点实验室,国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2019年第5期631-640,共10页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：中央公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(1968-2017);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2017HY-ZD0203);青年科学基金项目(41706142)

摘　　要：塑料制品被广泛应用于农业、工业和医疗等众多领域,由此产生的塑料垃圾,特别是粒径小于5 mm的微塑料在海洋中不断累积。微塑料因其粒径小、分布广等特点,对海洋生态系统造成巨大的威胁;其还可沿食物链进行传递,进而对人类健康产生潜在的危害,因此,海洋微塑料污染已成为国内外备受关注的环境问题。从海洋微塑料来源和污染现状入手,综述了微塑料对海洋浮游生物、甲壳类、贝类、鱼类和其他海洋生物的影响,重点关注了微塑料与其他污染物的复合毒性效应等,并在此基础上,提出了未来研究的参考方向,以期为进一步研究微塑料对海洋生物的影响提供理论依据。Due to its characteristics of easy processing,low price and strong plasticity,plastic products are widely used in many fields such as agriculture,industry and medical treatment.With the rapid increase of the amount of plastic products used by human beings,and the relatively stable nature of plastic products,plastic waste has increased dramatically.These plastic wastes undergo physical,chemical,biological and other degradation,forming microplastic particles with a particle size of less than 5 mm in the environment,especially the accumulation of microplastics with particle size less than 5 mm in the marine environment.Due to its small particle size and wide distribution,microplastics can enter the marine ecosystem and pose a great threat to the marine environment.In addition,it can also be transferred from low nutrient level to high nutrient level along the food chain,which further causes potential harm to human health.Studies have shown that microplastics are widespread in marine fisheries.Therefore,marine microplastics pollution has become an environmental issue that attracts much attention from scholars at home and abroad.On the basis of pointing out the sources of marine microplastics,this paper specifically introduces the pollution status of the marine environment in the seawater,the marine sediments and the marine organisms.In addition,this paper reviews the effects of microplastics on marine plankton,crustaceans,shellfish,fish and other marine organisms by domestic and foreign researchers.When microplastics are ingested by marine organisms,they cause physical damage and trigger other physiological and molecular reactions of the organism.In addition,this paper focuses on the combined toxic effects of microplastics and other pollutants.At present,the pollution of microplastics has attracted wide attention from all over the world.However,there are few studies on the identification of microplastics in the marine environment and the elimination of pollutants.It is urgent to carry out relevant research work.On thi

关 键 词：微塑料 海洋环境污染 海洋生物 来源与分布 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖]