2018年3月4日中国南方强对流大风天气分析  

Analysis of Strong Convective Gale Weather in Southern China on March 4,2018

作　　者：赵锐磊 ZHAO Ruilei(Meteorological Center of East China Regional Air Traffic Management Bureau,200335,Shanghai,PRC)

机构地区：[1]中国民用航空华东地区空中交通管理局气象中心

出　　处：《江西科学》2019年第5期715-722,732,共9页Jiangxi Science

摘　　要：利用常规地面、高空观测资料、FY-2G卫星云图、ERA-Interim再分析资料和南昌昌北机场逐分钟自动观测数据,对2018年3月4日发生在华南、江南地区的一次大风强对流天气过程进行了分析。结果表明:本次大风天气过程是由暖区中的西南大风天气过程和冷区中的冷空气偏北大风共同构成;暖区西南大风是雷暴高压与江南地面倒槽低压中心异常偏大的气压梯度直接造成的;江南、华南地区在4日白天出现的异常高温,使锋区温差更大,有利于加强这些地区的抬升作用;午后,江南地区逐渐达到当天最高气温,与雷暴高压冷池的温差更大,TBB低于-52℃区域面积开始有明显增加。暖区和冷区的地面辐合线,江南地区高DCAPE和CAPE值,均有利于触发强对流天气。南昌昌北机场地面自动观测数据表明,在雷暴高压来临之前,地面气压有一个陡降的过程。在雷暴高压开始影响机场时,出现了29.7 m/s的最强瞬时大风,气温也出现大幅度下降,最大降温幅度达到1.5℃/min。By using the routine sounding,surface observation data from national meteorological observation station and Changbei airport in Nanchang,ERA-Interim reanalysisdataand FY-2G satellite cloud images,The strong convective weather process of a gale occurred in South China on March 4 2018 was analyzed.The results show that the gale weather process was composed of the southwest gale weather process in the warm zone and the northerly gale in the cold zone.The Southwest gale in warm area wasdirectly caused by thunderstorm high pressure and abnormal atmospheric pressure gradient in the low pressure center of the inverted trough in the south of the Yangtze River.The abnormal high temperature in the south of the Yangtze River and South China during the daytime on the 4th day makes the temperature difference in the frontal zone larger,which wasconducive to strengthening the uplifting effect of these areas.After 14:00,the highest temperature of the day was gradually reached in the south of the Yangtze River,and the difference between the temperature of the thunderstorm high-pressure cold pool and that of the thunderstorm high-pressure cold pool was greater.The area of the area below-52℃began to increase.The surface convergence lines in warm and cold regions and the high DCAPE and CAPE values in the south of the Yangtze River are conducive to triggering strong convective weather.significantly.The automatic ground observation data of Changbei Airport in Nanchang show that there wasa steep drop of ground pressure before thunderstorm high.When the thunderstorm high began to affect the airport,the strongest instantaneous gale of 29.7 m/s appeared,and the temperature also dropped dramatically,with the maximum cooling range reaching 1.5℃/min.

关 键 词：强对流大风 雷暴高压 地面倒槽 地面辐合线 

分 类 号：P458.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]