新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的X线表现及护理  

X-ray diagnosis and nursing care of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis

作　　者：徐恩秀[1] 沈清清[1] 刘兆娥[1] XU Enxiu;SHEN Qingqing;LIU Zhaoe(Department of Pediatrics,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University,Jinan 250021,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学附属省立医院儿科

出　　处：《医学影像学杂志》2019年第10期1769-1772,共4页Journal of Medical Imaging

摘　　要：目的探讨新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)X线征像及护理预后。方法分析山东省立医院确诊为NEC的56例患儿的临床资料和影像学表现及相应的护理措施。结果56例患儿均表现为胃肠道积气扩张,26例为部分肠管轻度扩张,肠壁间隙增厚;10例为肠管明显扩张,形态僵直固定,呈水管状改变;11例肠管弥漫性充气扩张,肠壁可见小囊状气泡影,呈串珠样排列;3例出现门静脉积气;6例可见膈下游离气体。所有患儿均根据病情分别给予禁食、胃肠减压、营养支持、维持水电解质酸碱平衡、加强抗感染等护理。结论腹部X线摄影是诊断NEC的首选检查方法,早期表现不典型,动态复查利于判断病情进展。Objective To investigate the X-ray characteristics and nursing of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)so as to improve their prognosis of the neonates with this disorder.Methods The clinical data,X-ray manifestations and corresponding nursing measures of 56 neonates,who were referred to Shandong Provincial Hospital due to abdominal distension and finally diagnosed with NEC,were retrospectively analyzed in this work.Results All the 56 cases presented with gastrointestinal gas dilatation,in which 26 presented with slight dilatation of partial intestinal tube and thickening of intestinal wall space;10 with significant dilation of the intestinal tube,with the rigid and fixed shape and a tubular change;11 with diffusely inflatable expansion of the intestine and a small cystic bubble in intestinal wall arranged as a string of beads;3 with portal venous pneumatosis;and 6 with subdiaphragmatic free gas.All the neonates were given fasting,gastrointestinal decompression,nutritional support,maintaining the balance water and electrolyte acid-base balance of water,electrolyte,acid and base,strengthening the anti-infection care,and so forth.Conclusion Abdominal X-ray is the first choice of examination modality for diagnosis of NEC.As the early manifestations are not typical,dynamic re-examination of X-ray is conducive to determining the progress of the disease,and high-quality nursing is of great significance for improving the survival rate of these neonates.

关 键 词：坏死性小肠结肠炎 X线诊断 护理 新生儿 

分 类 号：R725.7[医药卫生—儿科] R445.4[医药卫生—临床医学]