云南省红河州某糖厂一起急性硫化氢中毒事件调查  

An Acute Poisoning Event Caused by Hydrogen Sulfide at A Sugar Factory of Honghe Prefecture in Yunnan Province

作　　者：吕韬 牟建春 LV Tao;MOU Jianchun(Gejiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Gejiu 610000,Yunnan province,China;Honghe Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Mengzi 661100,Yunnan province,China)

机构地区：[1]个旧市疾病预防控制中心,云南个旧610000 [2]红河州疾病预防控制中心,云南蒙自661100

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2019年第5期283-286,共4页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的通过对红河州某糖厂在清洗糖浆箱时发生的1起急性硫化氢中毒事件进行调查分析,为硫化氢中毒事件的预防和事件处置提供参考。方法用《急性职业中毒个案调查表》对病例进行个案调查,对糖浆池等加工场所开展环境状况、通风措施、生产工艺过程等现场卫生学调查。查阅病历资料和相关部门监测鉴定资料,采用描述流行病学方法对调查分析和过程进行分析。结果该起事件共导致12人中毒,其中4人死亡,2人中度中毒,6人轻度中毒。临床表现主要为眼刺痛、流泪、咳嗽、头晕、头痛、乏力、恶心和意识模糊等。在糖浆箱剩余糖浆泥土中检出二氧化硫(7号箱0.83 g/kg,8号箱1.54 g/kg)。2名中毒者血液检材中检测出H2S。结论事件原因明确为硫化氢中毒,作业场所产生高浓度硫化氢气体是中毒必要条件,防护措施不足和未按规程操作是中毒根本原因,防护人员未采取个人防护的盲目施救造成群死群伤。建议做好职工岗前培训,掌握接触危险因素防护能力,规范操作流程,建立专业救援队伍,开展职业健康危害因素预评价,避免此类事件的再次发生。Objective There was an acute poisoning event caused by hydrogen sulfide occurred at a sugar factory in Honghe Prefecture,Yunnan Province.We aimed to summarize the poisoning event in order to promote the prevention and control methods for the occupational poisoning accident.Methods The case information was collected by face-to-face interview using a national standard questionnaire.The field hygienic investigation of environmental condition,ventilation measures,production process was carried out in pulp ponds and other processing places.The medical records,field gas monitoring data,the detection data of sulfur dioxide in the poisoned patient’s serum and residual syrup soil were consulted.The data were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological method.Results A total of 12 poisoning cases,with 4 deaths and 2 severe cases were reported in the accident.The clinical manifestations of the patients were mainly eye pricking,weeping,cough,dizziness,headache,fatigue,nausea and blurred consciousness.Sulfur dioxide(0.83 g/kg in tank 7 and 1.54 g/kg in tank 8)was detected in the remaining syrup soil of sugar pulp tank.H2S was detected in the blood samples of 2 poisoned patients.Conclusion The occupational poisoning events was caused by hydrogen sulfide poisoning.Risk factors for poisoning were related to narrow working space,poor ventilation system and high concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the syrup storage tanks.Inadequate protective measures and failure in accordance with the rules of operation were the root cause of poisoning.Furthermore,the rescue personnel did not wear protective equipment due to lack of protective equipments and knowledge for rescue,resulting in more casualties.It was recommended to conduct pre-employment training for employees on risk factors for poisoning,protection against poisoning,and standardized operational procedures,a professional rescue team should be established,and pre-evaluation of occupational health hazards should be conducted to avoid the recurrence of such incidents.

关 键 词：糖厂 糖浆池 硫化氢 中毒 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]