基于物种落差分析的公园鸟类多样性提升设计——以湖南常德螺湾湿地公园为例  

Design of a wetland park for high bird diversity, based on analysis of the species richness drop: A case study of the Luowan Wetland Park of the Liuye Lake, Changde City, Hunan Province

作　　者：徐正春 袁莉 冯永军 胡慧建 陆倩莹 刘金成 XU Zhengchun;YUAN Li;FENG Yongjun;HU Huijian;LU Qianying;LIU Jincheng(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization,Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization,Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources,Guangzhou 510260,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广州510642 [2]广东省生物资源应用研究所,广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室,广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室,广州510260

出　　处：《生态学报》2019年第19期6981-6989,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(2015A030313870);广东省自筹经费类科技计划项目(2017ZC0018);广东省科学院科技发展专项(2017GDASCX-0107)

摘　　要：随着城市化发展,许多公园鸟类栖息环境遭受破坏,导致当前的鸟类多样性与历史上的和周边的都存在较大差异,为此,我们从项目区域的当前 周边 历史三者间在鸟类物种及其栖息地上的落差分析入手,以此确定目标物种及其栖息地,并加以归类,从而有针对性地进行相关设计。2016年5月至2017年3月在湖南常德柳叶湖螺湾湿地公园开展的鸟类多样性提升设计中,通过实地调查并结合文献查阅,记录到项目区域16种,周边79种,历史上146种鸟类,运用三者间的物种落差分析法确定主要的21种可恢复目标物种和4种栖息地类型,结合项目区域及周边空间特点,将项目区域划分为4个区域,在各区域内设计并营建相应的栖息地,再配套采用多种鸟类招引措施。至2017年3月,项目区鸟类已可实地观察到39种,并于2017年12月吸引到超过2000只的野鸭群来此越冬。以上实际效果表明,设计有效地提升了湿地公园鸟类多样性且增加了景观要素,可充分发挥生物保护功能。With urbanization,avian habitats have been obliterated in many parks,such that the current avian diversity is lower than that reported previously in history and that around parks.Therefore,we adopted a targeted design to promote bird diversity by analyzing the species richness drop among the species living in the park at present the species only living around the park the total species lived ever in history to rectify and classify the objective species and their habitats at the Luowan Wetland Park,Changde,Hunan Province,from May 2016 to March 2017.We recorded 16 bird species in the park,79 bird species in Liuye Lake,the area surrounding the park,and 146 previously reported species.Thereafter,21 species with 8 types of habitats were selected on the basis of local ecological features.The park was divided into 4 areas,wherein different habitats of the objective birds were designed.Moreover,we applied various measures to attract birds to inhabit the park.Thereafter,39 species were recorded in March,2017,and more than 2000 ducks were observed during winter in the park.These results show that the method designed herein effectively enhances the biological conservation of wetland parks by promoting bird diversity and landscape elements of wetland parks.

关 键 词：鸟类多样性 栖息地营建 城市湿地公园 

分 类 号：Q95[生物学—动物学]