青藏高原及周边地区的冰川灾害  

Glacial Hazards on Tibetan Plateau and Surrounding Alpines

作　　者：邬光剑[1,2] 姚檀栋[1,2,3] 王伟财 赵华标[1,2] 杨威[1,2] 张国庆[1,2] 李生海[1,2] 余武生[1,2] 类延斌[1,2] 胡文涛[1] WU Guangjian;YAO Tandong;WANG Weicai;ZHAO Huabiao;YANG Wei;ZHANG Guoqing;LI Shenghai;YU Wusheng;LEI Yanbin;HU Wentao(Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100101,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Lanzou University,Lanzou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原环境变化与地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心,北京100101 [3]兰州大学,兰州730000

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2019年第11期1285-1292,共8页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）（XDA20060200）;第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究（2019QZKK0201）;国家自然科学基金(41725001)

摘　　要：青藏高原及周边地区是除南、北两极地区之外全球最重要的冰川资源富集地。在全球变暖背景下,中国冰川整体处于快速退缩状态,这不仅影响水资源储备,而且伴生了相应的冰川灾害,如冰崩、冰川跃动、冰湖溃决洪水、冰川泥石流等。这些冰川灾害的发生具有各自的时空分布规律、发生机理和灾害过程。总体上,气候变暖、变湿导致冰川不稳定性增加,进而导致冰川灾害风险的发生。从统计结果来看,近期气候变暖使得这些灾害表现出增加的趋势。特别是极大陆型冰川和海洋型冰川都出现了冰崩灾害,可能表明青藏高原的冰川在整体上已经处于不稳定状态。并且,随着气候变暖的持续和人类活动强度的增加,青藏高原及周边地区冰川灾害的风险程度也在加剧。The Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountains contain the largest glacier storage outsides the north and south polar regions.Under the global warming,recently glaciers in China are generally experiencing rapid melting and shrinkage.This rapid glacier change impacts the water resource that supplied by melt-water,and also favors glacial hazards,such as glacier collapse,glacier surging,glacial debris flow,and glacial lake outburst flood.Those glacial hazards show their spatio-temporal distribution characters,dynamic processes and mechanisms.Accompanying with the recent rapid glacier change,which reduces the glacier stability by warming,glacial hazards become more frequent.Furthermore,since global warming continues and human activity intensifies,the uncertainty and risk of glacial disasters will intensify.Therefore,scientific solution and countermeasures are needed based on the researches on glacial changes and hazards.

关 键 词：冰川变化 气候变暖 冰川灾害 灾害风险 

分 类 号：P64[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]