青藏高寒区退化草地生态恢复:退化现状、恢复措施、效应与展望  

Ecological restoration of degraded grassland in Qinghai-Tibet alpine region: Degradation status, restoration measures, effects and prospects

作　　者：张骞 马丽 张中华 徐文华[1] 周秉荣[2] 宋明华[3] 乔安海[4] 王芳 佘延娣 杨晓渊 郭婧 周华坤[1] ZHANG Qian;MA Li;ZHANG Zhonghua;XU Wenhua;ZHOU Bingrong;SONG Minghua;QIAO Anhai;WANG Fang;SHE Yandi;YANG Xiaoyuan;GUO Jing;ZHOU Huakun(Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Regions Laboratory in Qinghai,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001,China;Institute of Meteorological Science of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Qinghai Provincial Grassland Station,Xining 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室,西宁810001 [2]青海省气象科学研究所,西宁810001 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [4]青海省草原总站,西宁810001

出　　处：《生态学报》2019年第20期7441-7451,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划KFJ-STS-ZDTP-036);国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0501901);青海省创新平台建设专项(2017-ZJ-Y20);青海省自然科学基金面上项目(2019-ZJ-908)

摘　　要：青藏高寒区属于独特而典型的高原生态系统,草地生态系统作为其重要组成部分,在对高寒区生态安全以及农牧民生计的维系中,占有举足轻重的地位。目前,青藏高寒区的草地生态系统退化严重,因此该区退化草地的生态恢复工作是国家生态工作的重中之重。近年来,已有大量研究提出了各种有效的恢复手段,但缺乏因地制宜的系统性总结和论述。基于此,在已有研究的基础上,阐述了青藏高寒区退化草地现状,总结了高寒区各生态类型分区的主要生态问题,明确了不同集成技术与模式的适用区域和范围,同时对这些技术、措施和模式的恢复效果和恢复机制进行分析和讨论。并对未来高寒草地生态系统的研究进行了展望,以期为青藏高寒区退化草地的恢复治理、高寒草地生态系统结构和功能稳定性维系提供系统的理论基础与技术支撑。The Qinghai Tibet alpine region is a typical plateau ecosystem with unique features.As an important part of the grassland ecosystem,it plays an important role in the ecological security of the alpine region and the livelihood of farmers and herdsmen.At present,the grassland ecosystem in the Qinghai Tibet alpine region is seriously degraded.Therefore,ecological restoration of degraded grasslands is the main priority in this area. In recent years, a large number of studiesproposed various effective recovery methods, but there is no systematic summary and discussion of local conditions. Basedon these findings as well as on the relevant literature, this paper explains the status of degraded grasslands in the alpineregion of Qinghai Tibet in detail, summarizes the main ecological problems of various ecological types in this region, andclarifies the scope of application of different integration technologies and models. We analyzed and discussed the recoverymechanisms of these technologies, measures, and models. Future research of the alpine grassland ecosystem is necessary inorder to provide a systematic theoretical basis and technical support for the restoration and control of degraded grasslands inalpine and cold regions of Qinghai and Tibet, as well as to ensure the structural and functional stability of the alpinegrassland ecosystem.

关 键 词：退化草地 生态恢复 综合治理 适应性恢复 恢复效应 

分 类 号：S81[农业科学—畜牧学]