双线偏振多普勒雷达对一次降雹超级单体发展减弱阶段的演变分析  

Evolution analysis of a hail-producing supercell using dual polarization Doppler radar

作　　者：陶岚[1] 管理 孙敏[1] 戴建华[1] TAO Lan;GUAN Li;SUN Min;DAI Jianhua(Shanghai Central Meteorological Observatory,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海中心气象台

出　　处：《气象科学》2019年第5期685-697,共13页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41775049);上海市科委科研计划项目(16DZ1206100);上海市气象局强对流创新团队

摘　　要：2015年4月28日,在高空冷涡的天气背景下,一个伴有较长生命史中气旋的超级单体在上海南汇双线偏振多普勒雷达观测范围内经历了发展减弱阶段,并产生了冰雹、雷雨大风、短时强降水等灾害性天气。利用常规天气观测、南汇双线偏振多普勒雷达、双雷达反演风场等资料分析发现,超级单体在发展成熟阶段呈现出回波悬垂、低层入流缺口、中气旋以及三体散射等经典特征,以及表示雷暴处于发展加强阶段的差分反射率因子柱。差分反射率因子柱通常意味着雷暴中上升气流的加强,同时说明大量的水滴可以被强上升气流托举到0℃层以上,形成过冷水滴,从而有利于冰雹的形成。超级单体经过的区域0~6 km垂直风切变达到了22~26 m·s-1,强垂直风切变环境有利于水平涡度发展,南汇雷达观测范围内中气旋维持了100 min左右,有利于雷暴的发展维持。此外,基于模糊逻辑法对此次降雹强对流天气过程开展了相态识别,结果表明,模糊逻辑法对此次强对流天气过程中的冰雹、降水等不同性质的降水能够进行有效的识别,有助于对雷暴降水相态本质的认识。On April 28,2015,under the synoptic background of upper cold vortex,a long lived supercell developed and affected Shanghai with hail,gale,and short-term heavy rainfall.By using conventional weather observation,dual polarization Doppler weather radar,and dual Doppler radar retrieved wind field data,results were found that the classic characteristics such as echo overhang,low level inflow north,three body scattering occurred in the developing period of the supercell while Z DR column were the main one.Z DR column indicated that the supercell was in the strengthening stage and confirmed that the updraft was capable of promoting appreciable concentrations of supercooled liquid water by lifting drops to the subfreezing height,which was conducive to the formation of hail.With 0—6 km vertical wind shear reached more than 22—26 m·s-1 over its passing area,it was conducive to the development of the horizontal vorticity,and the mesocyclone lasted for about 100 minutes in the Nanhui radar observation range,all of them were favorable for the maintenance of the supercell.In addition,based on the fuzzy logic method,the hydrometeor classification results can effectively classify hail,precipitation and other precipitation classes,which can facilitate the understanding of the nature of thunderstorm precipitation.

关 键 词：超级单体 中气旋 差分反射率因子柱 模糊逻辑 相态识别 

分 类 号：P426.64[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]