秸秆与灰分添加对农田土壤氮肥力的影响  

Effects of Straw and Ash Addition on Nitrogen Fertility of Farmland Soils

作　　者：荆爽 辛士刚[2] 张洪波[2] 于龙[2] 孔健健[1] JING Shuang;XIN Shi-gang;ZHANG Hong-bo;YU Long;KONG Jian-jian(College of Life Sciences,Shenyang Normal University,Liaoning,Shenyang 110034,China;Experimental and Teaching Center,Shenyang Normal University,Liaoning,Shenyang 110034,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学生命科学学院,辽宁沈阳110034 [2]沈阳师范大学实验与教学中心,辽宁沈阳110034

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2019年第5期1021-1029,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(41501200);辽宁省博士启动项目(201601151);沈阳师范大学博士启动项目(bs201507)~~

摘　　要：为了探究秸秆还田与焚烧对土壤物理化学性质和氮肥力水平的影响,采用室内培养的方法,研究添加秸秆、秸秆灰分及两者混合物对土壤pH、脲酶活性、铵化和硝化作用的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,添加灰分、两者混合物能显著增加土壤pH;而仅添加秸秆对其无显著影响;添加灰分对土壤脲酶活性、铵氮和硝氮含量无显著影响。添加秸秆、两者混合物使土壤脲酶活性分别增加300%和130%,使土壤铵氮含量分别减少47%和49%,硝氮含量减少86%和79%;添加灰分对以上指标无显著影响。从培养时间上看,土壤铵氮含量随培养时间增加而减少,约在第9天达到平衡;土壤硝氮含量随培养时间增加而增加,在第21天达到峰值后减少。添加秸秆、两者混合物土壤脲酶活性的变化趋势与硝氮相反。相关性分析表明,对照组,土壤铵氮与土壤湿度、pH、脲酶活性相关关系不显著,而硝氮与土壤湿度显著负相关;添加秸秆,铵氮与脲酶活性显著负相关,硝氮与土壤pH显著正相关;添加灰分、两者混合物,硝氮与土壤pH、脲酶活性显著负相关。因此,在秸秆综合处理时,应尽量减少或禁止焚烧秸秆,而多采用秸秆还田去改善土壤环境,提高土壤肥力以保障农业生产。To study the effects of straw-returning and burning on the physical,chemical soil properties and nitrogen fertility levels of soils,incubation method was used to examine the effects of adding straw,ash,and mixture of both straw and ash on soil pH,urease activity,ammonium,and nitrate concentrations.The results showed that adding ash and mixture significantly increased soil pH compared with the control,while adding straw exerted no significant effect on soil pH.Adding ash had no effects on soil urease activity,ammonium and nitrate concentrations.Adding straw and mixture significantly increased soil urease by 300%and 130%respectively,decreased soil NH4+by 47%and 49%,and also decreased soil NO3^-by 86%and 79%;adding ash had no effects on the above indicators.Soil NH4^+decreased with incubation time and reached a balance on the 9th d,whereas soil NO3^-increased with incubation time and reached the peak on the 21st d and then dropped.Under the treatments of adding straw and mixture,the dynamic pattern of soil urease activity was opposite to that of NO3^-.Correlation analysis showed that soil NO3^-concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with soil moisture in the control.NO3-concentrations-were not significantly correlated with soil moisture,pH,and urease.In contrast,the soil NO3^-concentrations were significantly correlated with these soil indicators in the ash group.In the straw group,the soil NH4+concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with the soil urease and NO3^-concentrations were significantly positively correlated with soil pH.There were significantly negative correlations between soil NO3^-and pH and urease in the straw group.Therefore,during the comprehensive treatment of straw,burning of straw should be minimized or prohibited,and straw returning should be used to improve soil environment,and increase soil fertility to ensure agricultural production.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 秸秆焚烧 铵氮 硝氮 酶活性 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]