补偿法在物理学中的应用  

Application of compensation method in physics

作　　者：熊泽本[1] XIONG Ze-ben(School of Mathematics and Physics,Jingchu College of Science and Technology,Jingmen 448000,China)

机构地区：[1]荆楚理工学院数理学院

出　　处：《实验室科学》2019年第5期20-25,共6页Laboratory Science

基　　金：湖北省教育科学规划课题(项目编号:2018GB078);荆楚理工学院教学研究项目(项目编号:JX2018-011)

摘　　要：介绍了补偿法的基本概念和基本原理,指出补偿法是一种重要的思想方法,在解决物理问题和物理实验中有非常重要的作用。物理学中常见的有温度补偿法、质量补偿法、电压补偿法、光程补偿法等。通过具体实例说明了补偿法在力学、电磁学、光学中的应用。论证了通过设法修补不对称问题假设,让破缺的系统通过补偿修补后重新达到平衡的对称关系,因此能够直接运用相关定理、公式进行处理,并且在系统加入平衡指示器的时候,可以大大降低系统误差,提高测量精度,使测量结果更精确。This paper introduces the concept and basic principle of compensation method.The compensation method,an important method of thinking,plays a very important role in physics experiments and solving physical problems.The commonly used methods in physics include temperature compensation method,quality compensation method,voltage compensation method,optical path compensation method,etc.The paper elaborates on the application of compensation method in mechanics,electromagnetics and optics,which is illustrated by specific examples.It is demonstrated that by trying to fix the asymmetry problem hypothesis,the broken system can be compensated to reach the equilibrium symmetry.So the relevant theorem and formula can be used directly to deal with it,and systematic error can be greatly reduced when the system adds the balance indicator so as to improve measurement accuracy.

关 键 词：补偿法 对称 系统误差 

分 类 号：O43[机械工程—光学工程]