泾渭秦墓出土低温陶牛车研究  

The Study on the Low-temperature Pottery Oxcarts Unearthed from the Qin Burials at Jingwei Cemetery

作　　者：曹龙 Cao Long

机构地区：[1]陕西省考古研究院

出　　处：《文博》2019年第5期39-45,共7页

基　　金：国家社科基金“泾渭秦墓考古发掘报告”（批准号19BKG017）阶段性成果

摘　　要：使用模型低温陶牛车随葬是泾渭秦墓地的鲜明特点。在24座战国中期至战国晚期早段的墓葬中共计出土低温陶牛车48辆,除牛和车轮以外,其它部分均为木结构,出土时木构件已朽。同时,与牛车组合出土的还有陶俑,应为驾驶或牵引牛车的驭手俑,皆为曳地长袍俑,或双臂前伸作驾车状,或作持缰挥鞭状,或作袖手端立状。泾渭秦墓地出土的低温陶牛车,其数量之多,制作之精美,组合关系之明确,都是前所未有的;它在墓葬中出现的意义应更接近它载物的实用功能;与囷、壶、甗共出,反映出秦人的重农思想。Burying pottery oxcart models fired by low temperature as grave goods is a unique feature of the Jingwei Cemetery of the Qin State.Among 24 burials from the mid Warring-States Period to the early stage of the late Warring-States Period,in total 48 pottery oxcarts fired by low temperature have been unearthed.Except for the ox figurines and wheels,all of the other components of the oxcarts were wooden ones,which had been decayed at the time of excavation.Meanwhile,driver figurines were also unearthed together with the oxcarts,which were all in long robes trailing along the ground and in the gestures of holding both arms forward as pulling reins,or holding one arm upward as whipping and the other pulling reins,or folding both arms in front of chest and standing straight.The pottery oxcart models fired by low temperature unearthed at Jingwei Cemetery of the Qin State are unprecedented in quantity,exquisiteness of making and clearness of assemblage relationship;the meaning of their appearance in the burials would be the same as the practical functions of their real counterparts;their coexistence with models of granaries,vases and yan-steamers reflected the idea of emphasizing agriculture of the Qin people.

关 键 词：泾渭秦墓 模型低温陶牛车 陶俑 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]