上海地区佛甲草轻型屋顶绿化的越夏景观维护研究  

A study on the over-summer visual quality maintenance for an extensive green roof of Sedum lineare in Shanghai

作　　者：苏怡柠 骆天庆[1] 金樑[2] 王晓娟[2] SU Yi-ning;LUO Tian-qing;JIN Liang;WANG Xiao-juan(College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Shanghai Science&Technology Museum,Natural History Research Center,Shanghai Natural History Museum,Shanghai 200041,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092 [2]上海科技馆,上海自然博物馆自然史研究中心,上海200041

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2019年第5期39-45,共7页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：同济大学建筑设计研究院(集团)有限公司重点项目研发基金;高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室自主与开放课题(2015KY06);高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室2016、2017自主与开放课题

摘　　要：为保持上海地区佛甲草(Sedum lineare Thunb.)轻型屋顶绿化的越夏景观效果,实现低维护生态效益,对佛甲草屋顶越夏进行观测。参考美国草坪评价方法(National Turfgrass Evaluation Program,NTEP)对其景观效果开展分阶段评分,将评分结果与同期小气候环境参数进行Spearman相关性分析,对与评分值显著相关的小气候参数进行主成分分析,得到有效环境参数,并在综合考虑环境参数的可获取性后筛选出关键环境参数,以探析佛甲草景观变化的临界点及其相应的小气候环境的变化特征,进而总结归纳出佛甲草需加以灌溉养护时的小气候条件。研究表明:有效环境参数为日均气温、日均基质温度、日最高温、日最低温、日降水量、日光合有效辐射和空气湿度,分别表征温度、辐射和湿度;筛选后得到日最高温、日最低温和降水量三项关键环境参数;在上海夏季日最高温35℃左右、日最低温25℃以上的高温胁迫下,连续4日无降雨即可使佛甲草景观效果降至可接受水平之下。上海地区佛甲草屋顶绿化的视觉景观质量与环境温湿度条件显著相关;越夏养护的关键时间点在7月中下旬,夏季养护阶段需持续至9月初;在此期间,若连续3日气温上升、日最高温达35℃、日最低温达25℃,且无降雨过程时,应及时进行灌溉养护。In order to maintain the over-summer visual effect of Sedum lineare Thunb.on extensive greenroofs in Shanghai and get the ecological benefits of low maintenance,this study monitored a S.lineare green roofinsummer,graded its visual effect in periods according to the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program(NTEP)ofthe United States,used the methods of Spearman to analyze the correlation between the grades and themicroclimate environmental parameters of the same period,identified the effective parameters which weresignificantly related to the grades with the help of the principal component analysis and selected the criticalparameters in consideration of the availability of environmental parameters in measurements.Thus,the points oftime when the visual quality of S.lineare significantly changed and the corresponding changes of the microclimateenvironment at those.moments were.detected,then the microclimate conditions which indicated the necessaryirrigation and maintenance could be described.The obtained effective environmental parameters were dailyaverage temperature,daily average substrate temperature,daily maximum temperature,daily minimumtemperature,daily precipitation,daily photosynthetically active radiation and air humidity,which respectivelyreprosented the main components of temperature,radiation and humidity;three identified critical environmentalparameters were daily maximum temperature,daily minimum temperature and precipitation;in Shanghai,whenthe daily maximum temperature reached about 35℃ and the daily minimum temperature reached above25℃,if there was no rainfall for4 days,the visual quality of S.lineare would decline below the acceptable level under thestress of high temperature.The visual quality of the S.lineare green roof in Shanghai was significantly related tothe environmental temperature and humidity conditions;the critical period of the over-summer maintenance wasin the late July,while the maintenance may need to continue until early September;during this period,if thetemperature keeped rising f

关 键 词：屋顶绿化 佛甲草 越夏表现 上海 

分 类 号：S688[农业科学—观赏园艺]