自由装填推进剂用含醛基/烯丙基芳氧基聚磷腈包覆材料研究(Ⅰ):制备、硫化特性及力学性能  

Study of Aldehyde/allyl-aryloxypolyphosphazene-based Inhibition Materials for Insertion Solid Propellant (Ⅰ): Synthesis, Vulcanization Characteristics and Mechanical Properties

作　　者：曹继平[1] 肖啸[1] 魏乐[1] 赵凤起[1,2] 杨士山[1] CAO Ji-ping;XIAO Xiao;WEI Le;ZHAO Feng-qi;YANG Shi-shan(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China;Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory,Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065 [2]西安近代化学研究所燃烧与爆炸技术重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2019年第5期504-510,I0005,共8页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：陆军装备部预研项目(No.301110402)

摘　　要：为了提高芳氧基聚磷腈包覆层的力学性能,以六氯环三磷腈、苯酚、4-羟基苯甲醛和2-烯丙基苯酚为原料合成出4种含醛基/烯丙基交联型芳氧基聚磷腈(PDPP),通过红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱对其结构进行了表征。将所得PDPP经复配、硫化,制备出自由装填推进剂用芳氧基聚磷腈包覆层,分析了包覆层胶料的硫化特性,并通过静态拉伸试验及动态机械热分析研究了包覆层胶料在高温(+50℃)、低温(-40℃)和常温(+20℃)下的力学性能。结果表明,随着芳氧基聚磷腈包覆层中醛基/烯丙基摩尔比的减小,包覆层的玻璃化转变温度由-7.55℃逐渐提高至-3.85℃,拉伸强度(+20℃)由6.19 MPa升至6.92 MPa,延伸率(+20℃)由165.35%降至90.95%;随着包覆层体系中醛基/烯丙基摩尔比的减小,胶料的正硫化时间(t 90)由401.3 s缩短至208.4 s,最低转矩(M L)和最高转矩(M H)分别由0.069 N·m和1.451 N·m升高至0.373 N·m和2.093 N·m。To improve the mechanical properties of aryloxypolyphosphazene-based inhibitor,four aldehyde/allyl-aryloxypolyphosphazenes(PDPP)were synthesized using hexachlorocyclotriphosphzene,phenol,4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-allylphenol as the starting materials.The polymers were characterized by FT-IR and gel permeation chromatography.The aryloxypolyphazene-based inhibition formulas for inserting charge of solid propellant were prepared via compounding and vulcanization.The vulcanization characteristics were analyzed,and their mechanical properties at+50℃,-40℃and+20℃were determined via the static strain test and dynamic mechanical thermal analyses.The results show that,with decreasing the molar ratio of aldehyde to allyl,the glass transition temperature and the tensile strength(+20℃)of the inhibitor increase from-7.55℃to-3.85℃and from 6.19 MPa to 6.92 MPa,respectively,whereas the elongation(+20℃)decreases from 165.35%to 90.95%.The optimum cure time(t 90)decreases from 401.3s to 208.4s with decreasing the aldehyde-to-allyl molar ratio,whereas the minimum torque(M L)and maximum torque(M H)increase from 0.069 N·m to 0.373 N·m and from 1.451 N·m to 2.093 N·m,respectively.

关 键 词：材料科学 自由装填式推进剂装药 芳氧基聚磷腈 包覆材料 硫化特性 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O34[理学—固体力学]