TNT坑道内爆炸热作用规律的试验研究  

Experimental Study on the Thermal Effect of TNT Explosion in Tunnel

作　　者：张玉磊[1] 李芝绒[1] 张俊锋[1] 潘文[1] 王胜强[1] ZHANG Yu-lei;LI Zhi-rong;ZHANG Jun-feng;PAN Wen;WANG Sheng-qiang(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2019年第5期526-530,I0006,共6页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家安全重大基础研究项目

摘　　要：为了研究TNT装药在坑道内爆炸的热效应,开展了1 kg和3 kg两种质量的TNT药柱在长直坑道内的爆炸试验,采用WRe 5/26热电偶获取了不同爆心距处的响应温度—时间曲线,分析了温度峰值和传播速度随距离变化的规律,以及装药质量对温度峰值和热作用持续时间的影响。结果表明,由于爆炸产物的二次反应,响应温度在上升过程中存在一个延迟台阶;温度峰值和火球传播速度随着爆心距的增加均呈“下降-上升-下降”趋势,上升段位于8~11倍坑道等效直径段,1 kg TNT装药坑道内爆炸火球传播速度在上升段达到最大值,为24.69 m/s,在最末段速度降至最低,为4.88 m/s;1 kg TNT和3 kg TNT药柱对应的响应温度峰值分别为406℃和575℃,响应温度平均持续时间分别为2.20 s和3.30 s;试验条件下,相同爆心距处的温度峰值之比和持续时间之比均近似等于两种装药质量的立方根之比。To study the thermal effect of TNT charge that explodes in tunnel,two TNT grains with mass of 1 kg and 3 kg were detonated in long and straight tunnel.By using WRe 5/26 thermocouple,the response temperature histories at different distances from the explosion center were obtained.The regularity of peak temperature and propagation velocity varying with distance was analyzed,and the effects of charge quantity on peak temperature and its lasting time were also discussed.The results show that due to the secondary reaction of explosive products,there is a hysteretic step in the rising process of response temperature.The peak temperature and the propagation velocity of fireball show a trend of“descending-ascending-descending”with the increase of the distance from explosion center.The ascending section is located in the equivalent diameter section of 8-11 times of tunnel diameter.The maximum propagation velocity of explosive fireball for 1 kg TNT charge is achieved in the ascending section with value of 24.69 m/s,and the minimum speed with value of 4.88 m/s is achieved in the last section.The peak response temperatures of 1 kg TNT and 3 kg TNT are 406℃and 575℃,respectively,and the average duration time of response temperature above zero are 2.20 s and 3.30 s,respectively.Under the experimental conditions,the ratio of the peak temperature and duration time of 1 kg TNT to 3 kg TNT at the same position are approximately equal to the ratio of cubic roots of the two charge masses.

关 键 词：爆炸力学 TNT 坑道内爆炸 热电偶 响应温度 爆炸火球 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O381[理学—流体力学]