干扰对固沙樟子松林凋落物特征及持水性的影响  

Litter characteristics and water holding capacity in Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica sandy-fixation plantations with disturbances

作　　者：王东丽 郝可欣 梁潇洒 方祥 汤家喜 连昭 赵艳 沈海鸥 WANG Dongli;HAO Kexin;LIANG Xiaosa;FANG Xiang;TANG Jiaxi;LIAN Zhao;ZHAO Yan;SHEN Haiou(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,Liaoning,China;Institute of Wind Sandy Land Improvement and Utilization,Fuxin 123000,Liaoning,China;College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130021,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000 [2]辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所,辽宁阜新123000 [3]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林长春130021

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2019年第6期1125-1133,共9页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目（41701325,41501548）;“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFE0202900）;辽宁省博士启动基金（201601368）;辽宁省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（201710147000272）

摘　　要：为明确干扰对樟子松Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica固沙林凋落物水文生态功能的影响,采用野外调查与室内持水法,选择章古台林龄为37和46 a樟子松为对象,以邻近立地条件一致的围封林地为对照,研究干扰对不同类型凋落物的蓄积量、持水量、持水率和吸水速率等特征的影响。结果表明:①樟子松林下凋落物盖度、厚度与蓄积量在干扰条件下分别为60%~85%,0.4~1.4 cm和1.8~2.8 t·hm^-2,均极显著小于封闭条件(P<0.001)。②不同类型凋落物的最大持水量为(0.24±0.04)^(15.02±3.56)t·hm^-2,总体表现为在干扰条件下均显著小于封闭条件(P<0.05);在干扰条件下,不同凋落物的最大持水率从大至小依次为草本类、松针类、其他类,而在封闭条件下表现为草本类、其他类、松针类;不同凋落物的持水过程总体表现为初期大幅增加,其后趋缓,但是其快速持水的早晚各异,且草本类凋落物持水快速期在干扰条件下有所提前。③草本类凋落物的前期吸水速率明显高于松针类和其他类;草本类凋落物吸水速率在干扰条件下高于在封闭条件下;在干扰条件下,松针类凋落物的吸水速率较其他类的低,而在封闭条件下较高。总之,长期的松针收集与放牧干扰,通过影响樟子松林凋落物蓄积量、组成结构及其持水性,限制樟子松人工林的水文功能,亟需制定相应的经营与管理措施。To understand the influence of disturbance to the hydrological and ecological functions of litter in a Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica sandy-fixation plantation,the combined methods of field investigation and a water holding experiment were conducted.Two sites of 37 and 46 year old P.sylvestris var.mongolica sandy-fixation plantations having disturbance conditions in Zhanggutai and two with enclosed conditions having the same site conditions but without disturbance,as a control,were selected.The amount,water holding capacity,water holding rate,and water absorption rate of litter,as well as their responses to long-term disturbance on different types of litter were determined.The statistic data of litter characteristics were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD.Results showed that plantations with disturbance had coverage of 60%-85%,thickness of 0.4-1.4 cm,and litter amount of 1.8-2.8 t·hm^-2,which were significantly less than the control(P<0.001).The maximum water holding capacity for different types of litter on plantations with disturbance were significantly less than the control(P<0.05),varying from(0.24±0.04)t·hm^-2 to(15.02±3.56)t·hm^-2.The maximum water holding rate of different types of litter on disturbed plantations was in the order of herb>pine needle>others;whereas,the control plantation was in the order of herb>others>pine needle.Generally,the water holding processes of different types of litter increased sharply in the preliminary stage and then tended to slow.The water absorption rate for herb was obviously higher than those of pine needle and others during the first two hours.The water absorption rate of herbs was also higher in disturbed plantations than in the control.The water absorption rate of pine needle always was lower than that of others under disturbed plantation,while the water absorption rate performed the opposite regime under disturbed plantation.In conclusion,P.sylvestris var.mongolica sandy-fixation plantations required urgent management and governance due to long-term disturbances of pi

关 键 词：森林水文学 樟子松 凋落物 持水特性 干扰 科尔沁沙地 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]