罗非鱼为主多品种混养池塘氮磷收支  

The Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budgets in Polyculture Ponds of Tilapia as The Main Species

作　　者：钟全福[1] ZHONG Quan-fu(Freshwater Fisheries research Institute of Fujian province,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省淡水水产研究所

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2019年第6期48-53,共6页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-49)

摘　　要：【目的】了解以罗非鱼为主多品种混养池塘氮磷收支和氮磷利用。【方法】应用营养盐收支法检测分析罗非鱼单养(T组)、罗非鱼-家鱼混养(TD组)、罗非鱼-家鱼-对虾混养(TDP组)池塘氮磷的输入与输出、氮磷利用率及产污系数。【结果】饲料是池塘氮磷输入的主要来源,饲料氮输入以TD组占比最高(92.63%),其次为T组(91.92%)、TDP组最低(89.22%);饲料磷输入以TD组占比最高(93.73%),其次为T组(92.31%),TDP组最低(90.94%);渔获物和底泥沉积是氮磷输出的主要途径,渔获物氮输出占比以TDP组最高(45.45%),其次是TD组(43.94%);而T组最低(42.34%),渔获物磷输出占比以TDP组最高(28.61%),其次是TD组(43.94%),而T组最低(23.41%);底泥沉积氮输出占比则以TDP组最低(35.25%)、其次是TD组(37.00%),而T组最高(42.04%);底泥沉积磷输出占比以TDP组最低(59.29%),其次是TD组(61.13%),而T组最高(64.31%)。TDP组和TD组的氮磷利用率均显著高于T组(P<0.05),池塘和沉积物总氮产污系数也显著低于T组(P<0.05)。【结论】以罗非鱼为主的多品种混养模式比罗非鱼单养模式优势突出,有效提高池塘氮磷利用率,降低对养殖环境的污染。【Objective】To understand the nitrogen and phosphorus budget and utilization in polymer Ponds of tilapia as the main specifications.【Method】N and P inputs and outputs,N and P Utilization Ratio and pollutants producing coefficient of tilapia monoculture(T),tilapia-Chinese Carps polyculture(TD),tilapia-Chinese Carps-shrimp polyculture(TDP)were detected by nutrient salt budget method.【Result】The results showed that fish feed was the main N and P input source in ponds.N input of fish feed was highest in the TD group(92.63%),followed by the T group(91.92%),and lowest in the TDP group(89.22%).P input of fish feed was highest in the TD group(93.73%),followed by the T group(92.31%),and lowest in the TDP group(90.94%).Catch and sediment deposition were the main pathways for N and P output source.The N output source of the catch was the highest in the TDP group(45.45%),followed by the TD group(43.94%),and the lowest in the T group(42.34%),the proportion of nitrogen output in sediments was the lowest in the TDP group(35.25%),followed by the TDP group(37.00%),and the T group was the highest(42.04%).The P output source of the catch was the highest in the TDP group(28.61%),followed by the TD group(26.79%),and the lowest in the T group(23.41%),the proportion of phosphorus output in sediments was the lowest in the TDP group(59.29%),followed by the TDP group(61.13%),and the T group was the highest(64.31%).The N and P utilization efficiency of the TDP group and the TD group were higher than those of the T group,and then the total nitrogen of pollutants producing coefficient in pond and sediment deposition were significantly lower.【Conclusion】The result indicate that the polyculture model with tilapia as the main species has outstanding advantages over the tilapia monoculture model,which effectively improves the N and P utilization efficiency and then reduces the pollution to the culture environment.

关 键 词：罗非鱼 多品种混养 氮磷收支 利用率 产污系数 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]