上海市青浦区社区卫生服务中心医务人员职业倦怠与职业紧张相关性研究  

Occupational stress and job burnout correlation among community medical personnel in Qingpu District of Shanghai

作　　者：张建 顾青 戴海辉 朱建锋 高中 贺佳 ZHANG Jian;GU Qing;DAI Haihui;ZHU Jianfeng;GAO Zhong;HE Jia(The Second Military Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China;Baihe Town Community Health Service Center,Qingpu District,Shanghai 201709,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军海军军医大学,上海200433 [2]青浦区白鹤镇社区卫生服务中心,上海201709

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2019年第5期402-405,411,共5页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：上海市公共卫生重点学科建设:循证公共卫生与卫生经济学科(15GWZK0901)

摘　　要：[目的]了解上海市青浦区社区卫生服务中心医务人员职业紧张与职业倦怠情况,并分析职业倦怠的影响因素。[方法]采用随机整群抽样的方法,以青浦区3家社区卫生服务中心480名医务人员为调查对象,采用付出-回报失衡问卷(ERI)和职业倦怠通用量表(MBI-GS)分别对社区医务人员的职业紧张状况和职业倦怠状况进行调查。[结果]回收完整有效问卷445份,有效率96.95%。存在职业紧张的医务人员为54人(占12.14%),存在职业倦怠的医务人员为328名(占73.71%)。存在职业紧张的社区卫生服务中心医务人员其情感衰竭、消极怠慢和专业低效能感的平均得分均高于无职业紧张状况者(P<0.01)。MBI-GS问卷各维度(专业低效能感、情感衰竭、消极怠慢)和ERI问卷中的付出、内在付出维度以及职业紧张程度呈正相关(r=0.27~0.59,P<0.01),和回报维度呈负相关(r=-0.47^-0.29,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,职称高(OR=1.71,P<0.01)、工龄短(OR=0.97,P<0.01)、职业紧张程度高(OR=39.70,P<0.01)和内在付出得分高(OR=1.16,P<0.01)是社区卫生服务中心医务人员发生职业倦怠的危险因素。[结论]青浦区社区卫生服务中心医务人员职业紧张与职业倦怠较为严重,两者之间存在相关性。应针对影响职业倦怠发生的人口学因素进行分析,并对职业紧张进行有针对性的干预,以预防职业倦怠的发生。[Objective]To assess occupational stress and job burnout status of community medical personnel in Qingpu District of Shanghai,and analyze influencing factors of job burnout.[Methods]By cross-sectional studying,480 medical personnel from three community healthcare centers were enrolled as study participants.Occupational stress was measured with Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire.Job burnout was assayed by Burnout Inventory-General Survey.[Results]The total number of valid return was 445,and the valid return rate was 96.95%.Of the 445 medical personnel,12.14%had occupational stress and 73.71%had job burnout.The average scores of emotional exhaustion,negative neglect and professional inefficiency of community medical personnel with occupational stress were higher than those without occupational stress(P<0.01).The dimensions of MBI-GS questionnaire(professional inefficiency,emotional exhaustion,passive neglect)were positively correlated with effort and intrinsic effort of ERI questionnaire and occupational stress level(r=0.27-0.59,P<0.01),and negatively correlated with the reward dimension(r=-0.29--0.47,P<0.01).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the higher professional title(OR=1.71,P<0.01),a shorter working time(OR=0.97,P<0.01),higher level occupational stress(OR=39.70,P<0.01)and higher score of intrinsic effort were the risk factors for job burnout.[Conclusion]There were more severe occupational stress and job burnout status among community medical personnel in Qingpu District of Shanghai,and there is a correlation between occupational stress and job burnout.We Should intervene the influencing factor of job burnout,such as occupational stress,to prevent job burnout occurring.

关 键 词：社区卫生服务中心 医务人员 职业紧张 职业倦怠 付出-回报失衡问卷 职业倦怠通用量表 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]