山东省526例尘肺病患者自我管理现状分析  

Status of self-management in 526 pneumoconiosis patients in Shandong Province

作　　者：任丽萍 李临江[2] 李侠[3] 赵玉军[3] 李红梅[3] REN Liping;LI Linjiang;LI Xia;ZHAO Yujun;LI Hongmei(School of Medicine and Life Sciences,University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine,Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Jinan,Shandong 250062,China;Shandong Experimental Animal Center,Jinan,Shandong 250002,China;Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine,Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Jinan,Shandong 250062,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学山东省医学科学院医学与生命科学学院,山东济南250062 [2]山东省实验动物中心,山东济南250002 [3]山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院,山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院),山东济南250062

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2019年第5期406-411,共6页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2017WS829)

摘　　要：[目的]分析尘肺病患者自我管理水平的现状与影响因素。[方法]采用便利抽样法选取山东省5个地区6所职业病防治院526例尘肺病患者,采用《尘肺患者自我管理量表》调查患者自我管理水平;根据临界比值法(critical ration),将自我管理量表得分两端各27%的分值作为临界值,划分自我管理水平高低分组。综合利用统计方法,分析影响患者自我管理水平的危险因素。[结果] 526例患者中,自我管理得分最低55分,最高198分,平均得分为(142.81±23.06)分。高分组最低157分,低分组最高129分。相比男性,女性在自我管理水平高分组中占比更高(P <0.01),且都在高分组;logistic回归分析结果显示:分别相比城市户籍、不吸烟、患者非常受重视、家庭成员全力支持,农村户籍(OR=2.511,P <0.01)、吸烟(OR=1.975,P <0.05)、缺乏社会重视(OR=2.143,P <0.01)、家庭成员的忽视(OR=2.120,P <0.01)是影响患者自我管理水平的危险因素。[结论]本次调查的尘肺病患者自我管理现状处于中等水平。在对尘肺病患者进行自我管理干预时,要综合考虑到患者的性别、户籍、吸烟及受重视程度等方面的影响,注重提高患者的认知程度,加强患者戒烟宣教,重视社会支持和人文关怀,以便更好地提高患者的自我管理水平。[Objective]To understand the current situation and influencing factors of self-management level of pneumoconiosis patients.[Methods]A total of 526 patients with pneumoconiosis diagnosed in 6 hospitals for occupational disease prevention and control distributed in 5 regions of Shandong Province,were surveyed by convenience sampling method.The self-management level was investigated with the Self-Management Scale,and the patients were divided into 3 groups(namely,lower,medium and higher)by using the critical percentile value of the self-management scale(27%)according to the critical ratio method.The comprehensive statistical methods,such as regression analysis,were used to analyze risk factors affecting patients'self-management level.[Results]Among 526 patients,self-management scores varied from 55 to 198 with an average score of(142.81±23.06).The lowest score in higher group was 157,while the highest score was 129 in lower group.Compared with males,females had a higher score and no persons were in the lower group(P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that rural household registration(OR=2.511,P<0.01),being neglected by family members(OR=2.120,P<0.01),lack of social attention(OR=2.143,P<0.01),smoking(OR=1.975,P<0.05)were risk factors affecting patients'self-management status.[Conclusion]The self-management status of these pneumoconiosis patients was relative lower.We should take into account the affecting factors,such as gender,household registration,smoking and social attention,to improve the self-management of pneumoconiosis patients.

关 键 词：尘肺病 自我管理 现状调查 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]