基于温度剖面特性的2016年南极普里兹湾海冰厚度变化分析  

Analysis of sea ice thickness variation based on temperature profiles gradient in the Prydz Bay, East Antarctica

作　　者：韦纪州 赵杰臣[2] 邓霄 郝光华 崔丽琴 张丽 秦建敏 WEI Ji-zhou;ZHAO Jie-chen;DENG Xiao;HAO Guang-hua;CUI Li-qin;ZHANG Li;QIN Jian-min(College of Physics and Optoelectronics,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024 China;National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center,Beijing 100081 China;Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System,Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024 China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学物理与光电工程学院,山西太原030024 [2]国家海洋环境预报中心,北京100081 [3]太原理工大学新型传感器与智能控制教育部与山西省重点实验室,山西太原030024

出　　处：《海洋预报》2019年第5期30-38,共9页Marine Forecasts

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（51809190）;国家自然科学基金应急管理项目（51641904）;国家自然科学基金面上项目（41876212）;山西省研究生教育创新项目（2018SY020)

摘　　要：2016年4月至11月在南极中山站普里兹湾布设了A1、A2、A3 3套冰雪情检测传感器。传感器每隔1 h采集一次数据,实时获取了被测点空气、积雪、海冰和海水的剖面温度数据。通过对不同介质剖面温度的分析,系统可以有效反映出海冰、积雪在气温影响下的温度变化差异,即空气、积雪、海冰和海水的热传导特性差异。通过寻找合理的温度阈值,编写MATLAB程序分别对积雪、海冰上下界面位置进行了自动判断,从而得到整个观测期间海冰厚度和积雪深度的变化过程。并与人工观测进行比较,结果表明:从传感器安装时间开始,海冰持续增长,10月开始海冰增长速度放慢,直至10月末达到最大海冰厚度170 cm左右。A1、A2、A3传感器采集的冰厚值与人工观测值之间平均误差分别为5.1 cm(A1)、3.4 cm(A2)、3.6 cm(A3);积雪深度的平均误差分别为3.2 cm(A1)、3.5 cm(A2)、2.7 cm(A3),传感器测得的积雪、海冰厚度结果可以较好的反映出被测地点冰雪情的演变过程,是一种可以应用于条件恶劣地区的冰雪环境有效检测手段。Three ice and snow detection sensors, A1, A2 and A3, were installed in the Prydz Bay, East Antarctica from April to November 2016. The sensors collect real-time temperature profile data of the air, snow, sea ice and sea water every hour.. Based on the different heat conduction characteristics among air, snow, sea ice and sea water, the difference of sea ice and snow temperature variation under the influence of air temperature can be effectively deduced. The variation process of sea ice thickness and snow depth during the whole observation period is obtained by searching for a reasonable temperature threshold and judging the upper and lower interface of the of snow and sea ice automatically using MATLAB program.. The results show that sea ice continues to grow since the installation of sensors until the end of October with the maximum thickness of sea ice reaching about 170 cm. The average errors between the ice thickness collected by A1, A2 and A3 sensors and the manual observations are 5.1 cm, 3.4 cm, and 3.6 cm, respectively. The average errors between the snow depth collected by A1, A2 and A3 sensors and the manual observations are 3.2 cm, 3.5 cm and 2.7 cm, respectively. The snow depth and sea ice thickness measured by sensors can well reflect their evolution process in the observation position. Therefor, it is an effective method to monitor the sea ice and snow conditions in a harsh environment.

关 键 词：南极 积雪厚度 海冰厚度 温度梯度 

分 类 号：P731.15[天文地球—海洋科学]