东北区域空气质量时空分布特征及重度污染成因分析  

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Air Quality and Cause Analysis of Heavy Pollution in Northeast China

作　　者：陈卫卫[1] 刘阳[1] 吴雪伟 鲍秋阳 高枞亭 张学磊[1] 赵红梅[1] 张世春[1] 修艾军 程天海 CHEN Wei-wei;LIU Yang;WU Xue-wei;BAO Qiu-yang;GAO Zong-ting;ZHANG Xue-lei;ZHAO Hong-mei;ZHANG Shi-chun;XIU Ai-jun;CHENG Tian-hai(Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Jilin Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences,Changchun 130012,China;Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Meteorology&Climate Change,Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Jilin Province,Changchun 130062,China;Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,湿地生态与环境重点实验室,长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]吉林省环境科学研究院,长春130012 [4]吉林省气象科学研究所,长白山气象与气候变化吉林省重点实验室,长春130062 [5]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学》2019年第11期4810-4823,共14页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0212303,2017YFC0212304);国家自然科学基金项目(41775116,41575129);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDB-SSW-DQC045);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2017275);中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所“一三五”培育项目(IGA-135-05);吉林省科技发展项目(20180520095JH)

摘　　要：东北已成为我国又一个霾污染多发和重发区域.采用2013~2017年东北区域大气污染物地面监测数据、卫星数据和气象数据等信息,探讨了中国东北地区空气质量时空分布特征与重度污染成因.结果表明,"沈阳-长春-哈尔滨"带状城市群是全年污染最严重的区域,空气质量指数(AQI)的空间分布具有明显的季节性,冬季污染最严重,春季吉林省西部周围为椭圆形污染区,夏季和秋季大部分时间空气质量最佳.3个典型的霾污染时期是10月下旬和11月上旬(即秋末和初冬,时期一),12月下旬和1月(即冬季最冷的时候,时期二),及4月到5月中旬(即春季沙尘和农业耕作期).时期一,季节性作物残茬焚烧和冬季采暖用煤燃烧产生的PM2.5强排放是极端霾事件发生的主要原因(AQI> 300);时期二,在最严寒月份里,重度霾污染事件(200 <AQI <300),主要由燃煤和汽车燃料消耗的PM2.5排放量高,大气边界层较低,以及大气扩散性差等共同引起;时期三,春季PM10浓度较高,主要是由内蒙古中部退化草原的风沙和吉林省西部裸地的区域性扬尘传输造成的.同时,当地农业耕作本身也释放PM10,并提升了裸土的人为源矿物尘的排放强度.Northeastern China experiences severe atmospheric pollution,with an increasing occurrence of heavy haze episodes.Based on ground monitoring data,satellite products and meteorological products of atmospheric pollutants in northeast China from 2013 to2017,the characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of air quality and the causes of heavy haze events in northeast China were discussed.It was found that the"Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin"city belt was the most polluted area in the region on an annual scale.The spatial distribution of air quality index(AQI)values had a clear seasonality,with the worst pollution occurring in winter,an approximately oval-shaped polluted area around western Jilin Province in spring,and the best air quality occurring in summer and most of autumn.The three periods that typically experienced intense haze events were Period I from late-October to early-November(i.e.,late autumn and early winter),Period II from late-December to January(i.e.,the coldest time in winter),and Period III from April to mid-May(i.e.,spring).During Period I,strong PM2.5 emissions from seasonal crop residue burning and coal burning for winter heating were the dominant reasons for the occurrence of extreme haze events(AQI>300).Period II had frequent heavy haze events(200<AQI<300)in the coldest months of January and February(200<AQI<300),which were due to high PM2.5 emissions from coal burning and vehicle fuel consumption,a lower atmospheric boundary layer,and stagnant atmospheric conditions.Haze events in Period III,with high PM10 concentrations,were primarily caused by the regional transportation of windblown dust from degraded grassland in central Inner Mongolia and bare soil in western Jilin Province.Local agricultural tilling could also release PM10 and enhance the levels of windblown dust from tilled soil.

关 键 词：PM10 PM2.5 中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS) 云-气溶胶激光雷达与红外探路者卫星观测(CALIPSO) 农业活动 燃料消耗 气溶胶光学厚度(AOD) 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]