中国住宅室内BTEX浓度水平及其影响因素  

Concentration Levels and Impact Factors of Benzene Series in Chinese Residential Building

作　　者：候贝贝 尹奕卉 裴晶晶[1] 刘俊杰[1] HOU Bei-bei;YIN Yi-hui;PEI Jing-jing;LIU Jun-jie(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学环境科学与工程学院

出　　处：《环境科学》2019年第11期4833-4840,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51678397);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0700500)

摘　　要：2016年12月~2017年12月在全国5个气候区的223户民用住宅中进行不同季节入户,对空气中污染物采样,并对苯系物(苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)浓度进行分析.苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯的算术平均浓度分别为6.78、17.4、17.68和9.87μg·m^-3.相比其他国家室内苯系物浓度,中国室内苯系物浓度稍高;我国相关标准对于室内苯系物浓度的标准限值远高于其他国家和组织的标准限值.在众多影响室内苯系物浓度的因素中,主要分析了装修完工时间、吸烟和做饭频率与苯系物浓度的相关性.结果表明,室内苯系物浓度仅在装修后2a内有明显地降低;与装修完工时间呈不显著的负相关关系;装修程度一致时,吸烟和不吸烟家庭中室内苯系物浓度无显著性差异,但吸烟时散发的苯可能更易于以三手烟的形式存在室内,长期室内苯的贡献率大于甲苯;做饭时产生的挥发性有机物主要是烷烃和醛酮类,而房间中苯系物浓度与做饭频率的相关性不大.From December 2016 to December 2017,the concentrations of the benzene series(benzene,toluene,xylene,and ethyl-benzene)in air were analyzed in 223 residential buildings in five climatic regions of China during different seasons.The arithmetic average concentrations of benzene,toluene,xylene,and ethyl-benzene were 6.78,17.4,17.68,and 9.87μg·m^-3,respectively.Indoor benzene series concentrations in China were slightly higher than that in other countries;the standard limits for indoor benzene series concentrations in China are much higher than those of other countries and organizations.Among the many factors affecting the concentration of the benzene series in the rooms,the relationship between the completion time of decoration,smoking,and cooking frequency and the concentration of benzene homologues was studied.The results showed that the concentration of toluene decreased with the prolongation of decoration time,the concentration of benzene in smoking households was higher than that in non-smoking families,and there was no direct correlation between cooking frequency and indoor concentration of the benzene series.The study provides statistical data on exposure to the benzene series in decorated homes and a discussion of setting values of relevant standards.

关 键 词：可挥发性有机物(VOCs) 苯系物 甲苯浓度 暴露时间 标准限值 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]