绿肥压青量对烤烟根际土壤可培养微生物的影响  

Effect of different amount of green manure on cultivable microorganisms in rhizosphere of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：龙成江 葛永琴 喻延 邹敏杰 杨露 彭丽娟 LONG Chengjiang;GE Yongqin;YU Yan;ZOU Minjie;YANG Lu;PENG Lijuan(Tobacco Companies of Guizhou Province Qiannan Corporation,Duyun,Guizhou 558000,China;College of Agriculture of Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;College of Tobacco Science of Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草公司黔南州公司,贵州都匀558000 [2]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州大学烟草学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《亚热带农业研究》2019年第3期199-204,共6页Subtropical Agriculture Research

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司科技创新项目[201616]

摘　　要：[目的]了解绿肥压青量对烤烟根际可培养微生物群落的影响。[方法]在贵州省福泉市进行了云烟87烟垄绿肥不同压青量田间试验,采用稀释平板法计数与分离不同处理可培养土壤微生物,应用ITS、16S rDNA测序比对方法,初步鉴定烤烟根际可培养微生物种类。[结果](1)微生物数量。经光叶紫花苕(Viciavillosa rothvar)压青后,烤烟根际可培养微生物数量显著高于非压青田,其中处理2(压青15.0 t·hm^-2)可培养真菌、放线菌数量较多,处理3(压青22.5 t·hm^-2)可培养的细菌数量较多。但随时间推移,压青田烤烟根际可培养微生物数量呈下降趋势。(2)微生物多样性。对移栽后30 d的真菌、细菌和放线菌进行了属种的初步鉴定,分离到可培养真菌427株,鉴定出6个属,优势属为曲霉属(Aspergillus);分离到可培养细菌404株,鉴定出6个属,优势属为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus);分离到可培养放线菌141株,鉴定出3个属,优势属为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)。[结论]绿肥可促进烤烟根际微生物的生长和繁殖;从可培养微生物数量及种类来看,以处理2(压青15.0 t·hm^-2)的烟田较为适宜。[Purpose]To investigate the effect of different amount of green manure on cultivable microbial community in the rhizosphere of flue-cured tobacco.[Method]In the Fuquan City of Guizhou Province,asplit-plot field experiment was conducted using different amounts of green manure on Yunyan 87 tobacco.Soil microorganisms were isolated by serial dilution,plating,and counting.ITS and 16S rDNA sequencing method were used to identify the microbial species from the rhizosphere of flue-cured tobacco.[Result](1)Number of microbial species.Application of Viciavillosa rothvar green manure significantly increased the number of cultivable microorganisms in the rhizosphere of flue-cured tobacco comparing to non-pressed green fields.There were more fungi and actinomycetes species found in Treatment 2(pressing 15.0 t·hm^-2),while more bacterial species were isolated in Treatment 3(pressing 22.5 t·hm^-2).However,over time,the number of microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of green manured flue-cured tobacco showed a downward trend.(2)Microbial diversity.The fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes were identified at 30 days after transplating.In total,427 cultivable fungi strains were isolated and six genera were identified.The dominant genus was Aspergillus.For bacteria,404 strains were isolated and six genera were identified.The dominant genus was Bacillus.There were 141 strains of cultivable actinomycetes isolated,of which three genera were identified.The dominant genus was Streptomyces.[Conclusion]The results showed that green manure could promote the growth and reproduction of rhizosphere microorganisms in flue-cured tobacco fields.From the point of view of the number and type of cultivable microorganisms,it is more suitable to apply 15.0 t·hm^-2 green manure(Treatment 2)to the tobacco fields.

关 键 词：绿肥压青 群落影响 土壤微生物 烤烟 

分 类 号：S154.37[农业科学—土壤学]