两次长寿命孤立超级单体风暴结构差异性分析  

The Difference Analysis of Structure between Two Long-Lived Isolated Supercell Storms

作　　者：张玉洁[1] 苑文华 张武[3] ZHANG Yujie;YUAN Wenhua;ZHANG Wu(Support Center for Atmospheric Sounding Technology,Shandong Provincial Meteorological Service,Jinan 250031,Shandong,China;Zaozhuang Meteorological Bureau,Zaozhuang 277000,Shandong,China;Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change with the Ministry of Education,School of Atmospheric,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省气象局大气探测技术保障中心,山东济南250031 [2]枣庄市气象局,山东枣庄277000 [3]兰州大学大气科学学院半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《高原气象》2019年第5期1058-1068,共11页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：山东省气象局重点项目(2018sdqxz05);山东省气象局面上项目(2018sdqxm08,2016sdqxm06)

摘　　要：利用山东济南和河北石家庄的多普勒天气雷达资料,并结合天气实况和探空观测资料,对2013年9月15日和2018年5月12日分别发生在鲁中山区南部及河北邢台地区的两次严重致灾超级单体风暴(分别简称0915风暴和0512风暴)演变特征、环境参数及气流结构进行了分析。结果表明:0915和0512风暴均产生于较强西北气流环境背景下,具有强的不稳定和中等强度以上垂直风切变。旺盛阶段风暴参数存在明显差异,0915风暴的风暴参数基于单体的垂直累积液态水含量(Cells-Vertical Integrated Liquid,C-VIL)、最大反射率因子(Maximum Reflectivity,用DBZM表示)和强中心高度(Height Top,HT)平均值明显大于0512风暴。旺盛阶段0915风暴中气旋旋转强度明显大于0512风暴。对流有效位能(Convective Available Potential Energy,CAPE)和垂直风切变的差异性是导致风暴参数和气流旋转强度差异性的关键因素,0915风暴过程CAPE大于0512风暴,决定了其风暴内部最大上升气流速度大于0512风暴,0915风暴过程具有的更强的垂直风切变,使其上升气流旋转强度明显大于0512风暴,强的旋转上升气流利于风暴核的悬垂与维持,从而产生较强的冰雹天气。Based on the Doppler weather radar data of Jinan,Shandong Province and Shijiazhuang,Hebei Province,and combined with the weather facts and sounding observation data,we analyzed the evolution characteristics,environmental parameters and airflow structure of two severe disastrous supercell storms on September 15,2013 and May 12,2008 in middle mountainous area of Shandong and Xingtai,Hebei.The results show that:Storms 0915 and 0512 are both generated under strong Northwest Airflow environment,with strong instability and vertical wind shear above moderate intensity.During the peak stage,there are obvious differences in storm parameters,the mean values of storm parameters vertical integrated liquid water based on cells(C-VIL),the maximum reflectivity(DBZM)and the strong center height(HT)of storm 0915 are significantly greater than those of 0512,the intensity of cyclone rotation in storm 0915 is obviously greater than that in storm 0512.The difference between convective available potential energy(CAPE)and vertical wind shear is the key factor leading to the difference between storm parameters and wind rotation intensity.CAPE in 0915 process is greater than 0512,which determines that the maximum updraft velocity in the storm is greater than 0512.0915 process has stronger vertical wind shear,which makes its updraft rotational intensity significantly greater than that of storm 0512.Strong rotational updraft is conducive to the hanging and maintenance of storm nuclei,resulting in stronger hail weather.

关 键 词：超级单体 中气旋 三体散射 旋转强度 

分 类 号：P458.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]