北方强冬性甘蓝型冬油菜品种(系)抗寒性评价  

Comprehensive Assessment on Cold Tolerance of the Strong Winter Brassica napus L. Cultivated in Northern China

作　　者：蒲媛媛 赵玉红 武军艳 刘丽君 白静 马骊 牛早霞 金姣姣 方彦 李学才 孙万仓 PU YuanYuan;ZHAO YuHong;WU JunYan;LIU LiJun;BAI Jing;MA Li;NIU ZaoXia;JIN JiaoJiao;FANG Yan;LI XueCai;SUN WanCang(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Sciences/Gansu Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement of Gansu Province,Lanzhou,730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院/甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃省油菜工程技术研究中心/甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2019年第19期3291-3308,共18页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-12);国家“973”计划(2015CB150206);科技部项目(2016YFD0101300);甘肃省重大专项(17ZD2NA016-4);甘肃省现代农业产业技术体系(GARS-TSZ-1)

摘　　要：【目的】通过对12个北方强冬性甘蓝型油菜的抗寒性进行比较,并运用3种鉴定方法对其抗寒性进行明确划分,为北方甘蓝型冬油菜抗寒性改良提供科学可靠的鉴定方法及优良的抗寒种质。【方法】以12个北方强冬性甘蓝型油菜为材料,通过观察记载冬前植株形态、统计田间越冬率、计算半致死温度(LT50)、测定冬前低温下生理指标和比较分析冬油菜春播后品种(系)间生长发育的差异、春化率的差异与抗寒性的关系,来比较分析品种间抗寒性的差异,接着运用LT50、隶属函数综合评价法和春化差异比较的方法对参试材料的抗寒性强弱进一步进行了明确划分。【结果】参试材料在甘肃天水(34°60′N,海拔1084-1650 m)越冬率为92.1%-97.8%,北移至兰州(36°73′N、海拔1517 m)和上川(36°03′N、海拔2150 m),越冬率大幅度降低,兰州越冬率为36.0%-78.6%(地膜覆盖),上川越冬率仅为0-14.4%(地膜覆盖),甘肃农业大学新育成的16TS 309-4、16TS 306-3、16TS 309-10、15NS 45-4、20168(G)和2016TSG(10)强冬性甘蓝型冬油菜品系,平均越冬率为10.2%-14.4%(上川)。上述品系越冬前植株生长习性趋于匍匐生长,心叶色和幼茎色呈黄绿色或紫色,叶片颜色深绿,地下部干物质积累大于地上部,根冠比增加,介于0.23-0.95,且差异显著(P<0.05)。低温条件下,叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性、可溶性蛋白质(soluble protein)、可溶性糖(soluble sugar)和游离脯氨酸(proline)含量相对较高,且LT50较低,在-13.4--5.7℃。冬油菜春播后,12个参试材料的田间春化率介于4.05%-87.65%,2016TS(G)10春化率最低,为4.05%,小区平均株高为10.77 cm,未现蕾阶段的植株薹高10.50 cm,现蕾阶段的植株薹高17.10 cm,均为品种(系)间最低。相关性分析表明,春化率与平均株(薹)高、成熟期植株所占比例和LT50极显著正相关,相关系数达0.90-0.96,与越冬率、�【Objective】In this study,the cold tolerance of twelve strong winter Brassica napus,which planted in northern China,were compared.The degree of cold tolerance was clearly classified by three identification methods.It provides a scientific and reliable identification method and varieties(lines)with strong cold tolerance,for improvement of Brassica napus in northern China.【Method】Twelve strong winter Brassica napus varieties(lines)were used as the materials.In order to compare and analyze the difference of cold tolerance among these materials,we observed the morphology of seedlings before overwintering,recorded statistical overwintering rate and calculated the lethal temperature(LT50),meanwhile,measured physiological indexes,and analyzed the relationship among cold tolerance,vernalization rate and the differences in growth stages after sowing in early spring.Then,we used LT50,subordinate function and comparison of vernalization differences,respectively,to clarify the cold tolerance classification of twelve Brassica napus.【Result】The overwintering survival rate of materials in Tianshui area(34°60′N,altitude 1084-1650 m)was 92.1%-97.8%.However,the overwintering survival rate decreased rapidly after moving to Lanzhou(36°73′N,altitude 1517 m)and Shangchuan(36°03′N,altitude 2150 m),the overwintering survival rate was 0-14.4%,(plastic film mulch)and 36.0%-78.6%(plastic film mulch)respectively.The strong winter Brassica napus lines‘16 TS 309-4,16 TS 306-3,16 TS 309-10,15 NS 45-4,20168(G)and 2016 TSG(10)’which were new bred by Gansu Agricultural University could survive over winter,with the average overwintering survival rate of 10.2%-14.4%.Before overwintering,the seedlings of these new materials tended to prostrate growth,the colors of heart leaves and young stems were yellow-green or purple,the color of leaves was dark green,the accumulation of underground dry matter was greater than aboveground dry matter,and the root shoot ratio increased which was between 0.23 to 0.95,with a significant differ

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 越冬率 半致死温度 春化率 抗寒性评价 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]