园林废弃物堆腐产品在花卉基质栽培中的应用研究  

Application of Garden Waste Composting Products in Flower Substrate Cultivation

作　　者：庾富文 周俊辉[2] 袁丽珍 何勤勤 YU Fuwen;ZHOU Junhui;YUAN Lizhen;HE Qinqin(Dongguan Agricultural Science Research Center,Dongguan 523000,China;College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China;Dongguan Botanical Garden,Dongguan 523000,China)

机构地区：[1]东莞市农业科学研究中心,广东东莞523000 [2]仲恺农业工程学院园艺园林学院,广东广州510225 [3]东莞植物园,广东东莞523000

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2019年第9期47-55,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：东莞市现代农业科技园管理经费项目

摘　　要：【目的】研究由广东地区园林废弃物堆腐产品组成的基质对花卉生长的影响,探讨堆腐产品作为园林植物栽培基质的可能性。【方法】测定由不同比例堆腐物组成基质的理化性质及其对非洲凤仙和矮牵牛两种草花生长特性的影响。【结果】园林废弃物堆腐产品组成的基质容重低、总孔隙度高、有机质和氮、磷、钾元素含量高,其中堆腐物中的有效氮磷钾分别为686.80、453.20、10120.90 mg/kg,是较为理想的花卉栽培基质。堆腐物组成的基质可促进非洲凤仙和矮牵牛根系生长,提高地上部叶片的叶绿素含量,促进叶片生长,并且促进花枝分蘖,增加植株冠幅和株高,从而提高干鲜质量和开花数。隶属函数法分析发现,最适合非洲凤仙生长的基质为纯堆腐物组成的基质,函数值为0.73;最适合矮牵牛生长的基质为市售栽培基质∶堆腐物7∶3的基质,其函数值达到0.97。【结论】园林废弃物堆腐产品组成的基质可作为非洲凤仙和矮牵牛两种草花的栽培基质组分。【Objective】The effect of the substrate composed of garden waste composting products in Guangdong on the growth of flowers was studied,and the possibility of composting products as garden plant cultivation substrate was discussed.【Method】The physical and chemical properties of the substrate composed of different proportion of compost and the growth characteristics of two kinds of herbaceous flower were determined by using Impatiens wallerana and Petunia hybrida as research materials.【Result】The substrate composed of garden waste composting products has low bulk density,high total porosity,high contents of organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.Among them,the available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the pure compost were 686.80,453.20 and 10120.90 mg/kg,respectively.Therefore,such substrate was an ideal substrate for flower cultivation.The substrate composed of compost can promote the root growth,increase chlorophyll content of leaves above ground,promote leaf growth,and promote tillering of flower branches,increase crown width and plant height,and then increase dry and fresh weight and number of flowers of I.wallerana and P.hybrida.According to the analysis of subject function method,the most suitable substrate for the growth of I.wallerana plant was obtained by pure compost,with the function value of 0.73.While the most suitable substrate for the growth of P.hybrida was compost of commercially cultivation substrate(substrate:compost7:3),with its function value of 0.97.【Conclusion】The substrate composed of garden waste composting products can be used as substrate for the cultivation of I.wallerana and P.hybrida.

关 键 词：园林废弃物 堆腐物 栽培基质 非洲凤仙 矮牵牛 

分 类 号：S317[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] X705[农业科学—农艺学]