添加化肥和覆膜提高土温对土壤中香蕉穿孔线虫的灭除效果  

Effects of Adding Chemical Fertilizer and Plastic Films to Raise Soil Temperature on the Elimination of Radopholus similis in Soil

作　　者：吕梅 杨欣 李俊毅 丁善文 徐春玲 谢辉 LYU Mei;YANG Xin;LI Junyi;DING Shanwen;XU Chunling;XIE Hui(College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control/Laboratory of Plant Nematology/Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院/广东省微生物信号与作物病害防控重点实验室植物线虫研究室/植物检疫线虫检测与防疫研究中心

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2019年第9期100-105,共6页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业农村部农作物病虫鼠害疫情监测与防治项目(101821301082351011);广东省支农资金项目(粤农财[2018]25号)

摘　　要：【目的】研究化肥和阳光照射作用对土壤中香蕉穿孔线虫的灭除效果。【方法】利用在感染香蕉穿孔线虫的病土中添加化肥并覆盖塑料薄膜的方法。【结果】采用添加石灰氮或尿素并覆盖白膜或黑膜的处理方法均促使了土壤温度升高;在当地晴日平均气温最高值达到38.8℃以上,并保证晴日数在31 d以上,采用添加石灰氮或尿素并覆膜处理5周以上的时间,可有效灭除土壤中香蕉穿孔线虫;在当地晴日平均气温最高值达到37.6℃以上,并保证晴日数在38 d以上,采用添加石灰氮或尿素并覆膜处理6周以上的时间,同样可灭除土壤中香蕉穿孔线虫;在各处理方法中,1 L土壤加石灰氮10 g并覆盖白色薄膜处理的土壤温度提升效果最好。【结论】在高温季节,在土壤中添加石灰氮或尿素并覆盖塑料薄膜的方法均能灭除病土中的香蕉穿孔线虫。【Objective】The eliminating effect of chemical fertilizer and sunlight on Radopholus similis in soil were studied.【Method】The experiment was conducted by adding chemical fertilizer to the soil infected with R.similis and covering it with plastic films.【Result】The results showed that the soil temperature was raised by adding calcium cyanamide or carbamide and covering the soil with white or black films.In the case that the highest average temperature in the local area was above 38.8℃,and the number of sunny days was above 31 days,the R.similis in soil could be eliminated effectively by the method(adding calcium cyanamide or carbamide and covering soil with films)treating soil for no less than 5 weeks;in the case that the highest average temperature in the local area was above 37.6℃,and the number of sunny days was above 38 days,the R.similis in soil could also be eliminated by the method(adding calcium cyanamide or carbamide and covering soil with films)treating soil for no less than 6 weeks.Among all the treatments,1 L soil treated with 10 g calcium cyanamide and covered with white films had the best effect on increasing soil temperature.【Conclusion】In high temperature seasons,the method of adding calcium cyanamide or carbamide and covering white or black films can eliminate the R.similis in infected soil.

关 键 词：香蕉穿孔线虫 石灰氮 尿素 阳光照射作用 

分 类 号：S474[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]