青海高原披碱草属种间天然杂种的细胞学鉴定  

Cytogenetic Identification on Interspecific Hybrids in Genus Elymus L. of Qinghai Plateau

作　　者：路兴旺 刘博 刘瑞娟[1,3] 窦全文[1,3] LU Xing-Wang;LIU Bo;LIU Rui-Juan;DOU Quan-Wen(Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding of Qinghai Province,Xining 810008)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,西宁810008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海省作物分子育种重点实验室,西宁810008

出　　处：《植物研究》2019年第6期846-852,共7页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：青海省重大科技项目(2018-NK-A2)~~

摘　　要：利用重复序列探针染色体荧光原位杂交(FISH)和基因组原位杂交(GISH)技术,对采自青海高原披碱草属种间天然杂种进行细胞学鉴定,同时结合物种分布及形态学特征,共揭示6种不同天然杂种的类型。第一类为垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)和鹅观草属(Roegneria C.Koch)物种间的天然杂种,染色体数为35,染色体组成为StStYYH;第二类为垂穗披碱草和达乌力披碱草种(Elymus dahuricus Turcz.ex Griseb.)间杂种,染色体数为42,染色体组成为StStHHYY;第三类为达乌力披碱草和老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.)种间杂种,染色体数为35,染色体组成为StStHHY;第四类为垂穗披碱草和糙毛以礼草(Kengilia hirsuta Keng)种间杂种,染色体数为42,染色体组成为StStYYHP;第五类为垂穗披碱草和大颖草(Kengilia grandiglumis Keng)种间杂种,染色体数为42,染色体组成为StStYYHP;第六类为糙毛以礼草和赖草(Leymus secalinus(Georgi)Tzvel.)种间杂种,染色体数为35,染色体组成为StYPNsXm。研究结果为进一步研究披碱草属种间杂交渐渗提供了重要参考资料;同时鉴定出的天然杂种可以作为潜在的种质资源在牧草或生态草育种中加以利用。Cytogenetic identification was conducted on interspecific hybrids in genus Elymus L.spontaneously occurred in Qinghai plateau by using a technique of Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and Genomic hybridization(GISH).Combined with information of the morphology and ecology distribution of the sympatric species,the hybrids were identified as six types:Ⅰis a hybrid between Elymus nutans Griseb.and a Roegneria C.Koch species with a chromosome number of 35 and genome constitution of StStYYH;Ⅱis a hybrid between E.nutans and E.dahuricus Turcz.ex Griseb.with a chromosome number of 42 and genome constitution of StStYYHH.Ⅲis a hybrid between E.sibiricus L.and E.dahuricus with a chromosome number of 35 and genome constitution of StStHHY;Ⅳis a hybrid between E.nutans and Kengilia hirsuta Keng with a chromosome number of 42 and genome constitution of StStYYHP;Ⅴis a hybrid between E.nutans and K.grandiglumis Keng with a chromosome number of 42 and genome constitution of StStYYHP;Ⅵis a hybrid between K.hirsuta and Leymus secalinus(Georgi)Tzvel.with a chromosome number of 35 and genome constitution of StYPNsXm.The results provide the basic evidence for further studying the introgression hybridizations in Elymus species.The identified hybrids are also valuable germplasms for grass forage improvement in this region.

关 键 词：披碱草属 天然种间杂种 细胞学鉴定 青海高原 

分 类 号：Q941.2[生物学—植物学]