贵州典型电厂粉煤灰的放射性安全评估  

Radioactive Safety Assessment of the Fly Ash from Typical Power plants in Guizhou

作　　者：罗林 钱志宽 甘甜[3,4] 罗泰义 LUO Lin;QIAN Zhikuan;GAN Tian;LUO Taiyi(Construction Engineering Co.Ltd.,Southwest Energy&Mine Group,Guiyang 550002,China;Architectural Engineering College,Guizhou Mingzu University,Guiyang 350025,China;The state Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China;School of the Earth Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]西南能矿建设工程有限公司,贵阳550022 [2]贵州民族大学建工学院,贵阳550025 [3]中国科学院地球化学研究所矿床地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550081 [4]中国科学院大学地球科学学院,北京怀柔100049

出　　处：《地球与环境》2019年第5期722-727,共6页Earth and Environment

基　　金：贵州省自然科学基金项目(黔科合JZ字[2015]2009号、黔科合LH字[2014]7387号、黔科合J字[2013]2139号)

摘　　要：贵州是华南最重要的煤电和粉煤灰生产省份,粉煤灰的放射性安全评估是综合利用的基础。对贵州不同产煤区域典型电厂粉煤灰进行了放射性核素比活度测定并根据国标GB6566-2001进行了安全性评估,结果表明:西部纳雍电厂粉煤灰内照射指数IRa和外照射指数Iγ均较低,使用范围不受限制;中部大方、金沙电厂和东部黔东电厂粉煤灰IRa较低而Iγ接近限值,可以作为建筑主体材料(其中大方一级灰仅限于空心率大于25%的主体材料)和A类装修材料;北部桐梓和二郎电厂粉煤灰IRa和Iγ均超出限值,分别可作为B类和C类装修材料,作为建筑主体材料应严格控制掺量比例。综合本次研究和前人数据,确证了粉煤灰中U、Th含量和相关放射性核素比活度具有良好相关性,推导了利用粉煤灰U、Th含量(CU,CTh,×10^-6)进行快速评估的经验公式:IRa=0.0616×CU+0.0049;Iγ=0.0341×CU+0.0159×CTh+0.0517。Guizhou is the most important coal-producing and power production province in south China,and the radioactivity safety assessment is the basis of comprehensive utilization of the fly ash.The specific activity of radionuclide in the fly ash of typical power plants in different coal producing areas in Guizhou was measured and the safety evaluation was carried out according to the national standard GB6566-2001.The results show: the fly ash in the Nayong power plant of west Guizhou has a low level of radioactivity and such can be used with no restriction;the fly ashes in Jinsha and Dafang power plants of central Guizhou and the Qiandong power plant of east Guizhou have high levels of radioactivity,they can be used as body-building materials and A class decoration materials,but the first-class fly ash in Dafang is only suit to the material with an empty rate greater than 25%.The fly ashes in Erlang and Tongzi power plants of north Guizhou have the highest level of radioactivity,they can be used as B and C decoration materials only,and should be controlled strictly as body-building materials such as composite Portland cement.Combined with previous data,this study found that contents of uranium and thorium in fly ashes correlated well with the relative activity of radionuclides,and estimated empirical formulas( IRa= 0.0616×CU+0.0049;Iγ= 0.0341×CU+0.0159×CTh+0.0517) to fast evaluate the internal and external irradiation indices base on contents of uranium and thorium( CU,CTh,10^-6) in the fly ash.

关 键 词：放射性评估 经验公式 粉煤灰 贵州火力电厂 

分 类 号：X837[环境科学与工程—环境工程]