核电厂功率快速变化下操纵员任务分析  

Analysis of Operator’s Task under Rapid Power Change in Nuclear Power Plants

作　　者：刘雪阳 张力[1,2] 邹衍华[2] Liu Xueyang;Zhang Li;Zou Yanhua(School of Nuclear Science and Technology,University of South China,Hengyang,Hunan,421001,China;Institute of Human Factors Engineering&Safety Management,Hengyang,Hunan,421002,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学核科学与技术学院,湖南衡阳421001 [2]湖南工学院人因工程与安全管理研究所,湖南衡阳421002

出　　处：《核动力工程》2019年第5期165-169,共5页Nuclear Power Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71371070;71771084;71501068);大型复杂人机系统人误预警技术湖南省工程实验室资助(湘发改高技[2015]1084号);南华大学研究生科研创新项目(2017XCX02)

摘　　要：从操纵员培训、任务类型和工作负荷3个方面,对比分析核电厂调峰任务与其他常规工况下操作任务存在的差异性。通过对比得出,调峰任务和常规工况下操作任务相比,操纵员心理负荷和体力负荷将发生较大改变,这将导致操纵员的认知模式和人因失误模式相较于常规工况存在差异。现有的人因可靠性分析(HRA)方法和模型难以满足操纵员人因可靠性分析的需求,因此需要建立一种新的HRA方法解决操控任务持续快速变化背景下核电厂操纵员人因可靠性问题。The differences between the peak load and the operation task in the normal operating conditions of the nuclear power plants are compared from three aspects of operator training,task type and working load.Compared with the operation tasks under the normal working conditions,the mental load and the physical load of the operators would be changed greatly,which would lead to the difference between the operator's cognitive model and the human error mode compared with the conventional working condition.The existing HRA methods and models are difficult to satisfy the operator's reliability analysis,so a new HRA method is needed to solve the problem of the reliability under the background of continuous and fast changing of control tasks in the nuclear power plants.

关 键 词：调峰 心智负荷 核电厂 认知行为特征 操纵员 

分 类 号：TL364[核科学技术—核技术及应用]