深水航道整治丁坝群对鱼类生境的影响  

The influence of spur dikes for deep-water channel regulation on fish habitat

作　　者：常留红[1,2] 徐斌 张鹏[1,2] 汤薇 CHANG Liuhong;XU Bin;ZHANG Peng;TANG Wei(School of Hydraulic Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province,Changsha 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利工程学院,湖南长沙410114 [2]洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410114

出　　处：《水利学报》2019年第9期1086-1094,共9页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402100);国家自然科学基金项目(51809022);交通部科技示范工程项目(200703);湖南省水利科技项目(湘水科计XSKJ2018179-41)

摘　　要：航道整治丁坝群一定程度上改变了局部水动力条件,从而对鱼类的生境也产生了影响。依托长江12.5 m深水航道整治工程,选择仪征水道整治工程为典型河段,建立二维数值模型,分析了三种典型工况下整治丁坝群实施前后研究河段的水流特性变化,基于对鱼类生境需求的调查分析的基础上,探讨了丁坝群对鱼类产卵场、索饵场、越冬场和洄游通道的影响及成因,揭示了潮汐河段航道整治丁坝群对鱼类“三场一通道”的影响规律。研究表明:丁坝群附近的复杂水流结构及近岸缓流区,为漂流性鱼类和沉黏性鱼类提供了适宜的产卵场;丁坝坝后的底层缓流及静水环境,为鱼类提供了良好的越冬场;丁坝群独特的水流结构,将河道内的浮游生物横向输移至坝后富集,为鱼类觅食提供了丰富的饵料场;丁坝群建成后世业洲右缘近岸缓流区的范围有明显扩大,为鱼卵和仔鱼的降河洄游提供了稳定的洄游通道。The spur dikes in waterway regulation have changed the local hydrodynamic conditions to a cer tain extent,thus affecting the habitat of fish.Relying on the Yangtze River 12.5m deep-water channel regu lation project,the Yizheng waterway regulation project is selected as a typical river section,and a two-di mensional numerical model is established.The flow characteristics of the river section before and after the implementation of the regulation spur dikes under three typical conditions are analyzed.Based on the investi gation and analysis of fish habitat requirements,the effects of spur dikes on fish spawning grounds,bait grounds,wintering grounds and migration channels are discussed.The influence and cause of formation of spur dikes in tidal river channel regulation on“three fields and one channel”of fish are revealed.The re sults show that the complex flow structure near the spur dikes and the slow-flow area near the shore pro vide suitable spawning grounds for drifting fish and sinking sticky fish;the slow-flow and still-water envi ronment behind the spur dikes provide good wintering grounds for fish;and the unique flow structure of spur dikes transports plankton in the river channel laterally to the back of the spur dikes and enriches them,providing abundant bait for fish to forage.After the completion of spur dikes,the area of slow-flow zone near the right edge of Shiyezhou has obviously expanded,which provides a stable migration channel for fish eggs and larvae.

关 键 词：丁坝群 水流结构 三场一通道 鱼类生境 深水航道 

分 类 号：TV863[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV865