五台山清水河流域植被垂直带水循环过程研究  

Study on water cycle process in vegetation vertical belts of the Qingshui River basin in Wutai Mountain

作　　者：徐飞[1,2] 贾仰文 牛存稳[1] 唐颖复[1] 刘佳嘉 XU Fei;JIA Yangwen;NIU Cunwen;TANG Yingfu;LIU Jiajia(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources&Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;College of Water Resources&Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《水利学报》2019年第9期1155-1164,共10页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB452701);中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室团队重点课题(2016ZY03)

摘　　要：五台山为华北地区最高峰(海拔3058 m),发源于五台山的清水河流域,海拔梯度大,植被垂直分异显著,目前关于植被垂直带的水循环过程及其相互之间的差异研究尚显不足。为此,利用分布式水文模型WEP-L模拟清水河流域水循环过程,分析不同植被垂直带的水循环过程。结果表明:受气温显著升高影响,高海拔地区的季节性冻土消退、活动层变厚及土壤蓄水容量增加,促进降水入渗。海拔1500 m以下区域蒸散发主要受降水影响,而海拔1600 m以上区域则主要受能量的影响。不同植被垂直带的水循环过程差异显著,径流系数表现为:耕地>亚高山草甸>荒漠草地>常绿针叶灌木林>落叶阔叶林。研究结果可为山区流域水资源高效利用和生态建设提供科学依据。Wutai Mountain is the highest mountain in North China(with the altitude of 3058m).The origi nates at the Wutai Mountain,the Qingshui River basin has a high gradient of elevation,with a significant vegetation vertical differentiation.However,there is still insufficient research on the water cycle processes and their differences in the vegetation vertical belts.Therefore,we used the distributed hydrological model WEP-L to simulate the hydrological cycle process in the Qingshui River basin,and analyzed water cycle processes of different vegetation vertical belts.Results show that rising temperature thickened the active per mafrost layers,which leaded to increase of the soil water storage capacity,and finally resulted in the in crease of precipitation infiltration.The regions with elevations lower than 1500m were water limited,and the regions with elevations higher than 1600m were energy limited.The hydrological process of different veg etation vertical belts are significantly different,and runoff coefficients for different vegetation vertical belts could be sorted as:farmland>desert grassland>subalpine meadow>evergreen needle-leaf forest>decidu ous broad-leaf forest.These results may provide scientific basis for efficient utilization of water resources and ecological construction in mountainous watershed.

关 键 词：清水河流域 水循环 植被垂直带 分布式水文模型WEP-L 五台山 

分 类 号：TV11[水利工程—水文学及水资源]