多年生牧草种植对苹果园土壤真菌群落特征的影响  

Effects of perennial forage on characteristics of the soil fungal community in an apple orchard

作　　者：钱雅丽 王先之[1,2] 来兴发 李峻成 沈禹颖[1,2] QIAN Ya-li;WANG Xian-zhi;LAI Xing-fa;LI Jun-cheng;SHEN Yu-ying(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]草业科学国家级实验教学示范中心,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业学报》2019年第11期124-132,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD14B006);教育部促进美大地区高水平人才培养合作项目资助

摘　　要：以陇东黄土高原区13龄苹果园为研究对象,采用高通量测序法分析鸭茅、白三叶和紫花苜蓿3种生草模式下0~10 cm土层真菌群落结构多样性,同时结合OTUs数探讨不同生草模式下的特异菌属。结果表明,与对照(清耕)相比,鸭茅、白三叶和紫花苜蓿生草模式下土壤真菌Alpha多样性分别增加17.4%、18.6%和27.0%。土壤真菌群落在门水平上主要隶属于子囊菌门、接合菌门、担子菌门和球囊菌门,鸭茅、白三叶和紫花苜蓿处理下接合菌门相对丰度较对照分别增加196.2%、169.8%和126.9%;在属水平下,3种生草模式下镰孢霉属相对丰度均高于对照,茎点霉属在白三叶和紫花苜蓿处理中相对丰度较高。嗜热真菌属出现在鸭茅处理中,该菌属与蛋白质和糖类降解有关。葡萄穗霉属和放射毛霉属出现在种植白三叶的土壤中,其分泌的分解酶类与植物纤维和半纤维的分解有密切关系;枝孢属和葡萄座腔菌属存在于紫花苜蓿处理中。A 13-year-old apple orchard on the Longdong Loess Plateau was selected as the site for this study. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the soil fungi community structure and the genera present in the 0-10 cm soil layer when planted with three different forage species(orchard grass, white clover, and lucerne). The results showed that the alpha diversity of soil fungi was increased by 17.4%, 18.6%, and 27.0% in the orchard grass, white clover, and lucerne plantings, respectively, compared with that in the control(clean tillage). At the phylum level, the soil fungi community mainly comprised Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomeromycota. The relative abundance of Zygomycota under the three forage species was increased by 196.2%, 169.8%, and 126.9%, respectively, compared with that in the control. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Fusarium in soil was higher in the three forages than in the control, and the relative abundance of Phoma in soil was higher in the white clover and lucerne plots than that in the control. The soil planted in orchard grass had abundant Thermomyces, which are associated with protein and carbohydrate degradation. Stachybotrys and Actinomucor, which secrete catabolic enzymes that decompose plant fibers and hemi-fibers, were present in the soil of the white clover treatment. The soil in the lucerne treatment contained Cladosporium and Botryosphaeria.

关 键 词：苹果园 生草模式 土壤真菌 群落特征 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]