财政分权、地方政府行为与环境污染——基于30个省份SO2排放量的实证研究  

Fiscal Decentralization,Local Government Behavior and Environment Pollution——Empirical Analysis Based on SO2 Emissions in 30 Provinces

作　　者：丁鹏程 孙玉栋[1] 梅正午 Ding Pengcheng;Sun Yudong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学

出　　处：《经济问题探索》2019年第11期37-48,共12页Inquiry Into Economic Issues

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目“新常态背景下社会事业财政投入重大问题研究”(17JZD014)，项目负责人:孙玉栋;北京市社会科学重大项目“京津冀基本公共服务协同发展研究”(18ZDA10)，项目负责人:孙玉栋;中国人民大学公共管理学院研究生科学研究基金项目资助“京津冀大气污染协同治理横向补偿机制研究——基于交易费用理论的研究”(2019017)

摘　　要：改革开放以来,财政分权体制下的“以环境换增长”问题加剧了空气污染,财政分权主要是通过影响地方政府行为来对空气污染产生影响的。本文利用中国30个省、市、自治区2007-2016年的面板数据,使用固定效应模型检验财政分权体制下地方政府竞争、环境保护支出、环境保护费等地方政府行为对空气污染的影响,研究发现:(1)财政分权与空气污染显著正相关,财政分权加剧了空气污染问题,地方政府竞争、环境保护支出、征收排污费等政府行为可以促进空气质量改善,但是财政分权会抵消政府行为对空气质量的正向影响;(2)财政分权下政府行为对空气污染的影响在轻污染和重污染地区存在较大区域性差异,地方政府竞争、排污费等在重污染地区能够改善空气质量,在轻污染地区效果不显著。空气污染治理、生态文明建设不仅要规范地方政府竞争,增加环境保护支出,强化环境保护费的征收和管理,还要进行财税体制改革,完善财政分权制度,着眼于财政分权下经济发展导向、官员晋升标准等长效化机制的建立。Since the reform and opening up,air pollution has been intensified,under the fiscal decentralization system.Fiscal decentralization mainly affects air pollution by influencing local government behavior.The Paper re-searched relationships among fiscal decentralization,local government actions such as local government competition,en-vironmental protection expenditures,and sewage charges and environmental protection using fixed effect mode of panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2007-2016.The study found that:(1)Fiscal decentralization is significantly positively related to air pollution.Fiscal decentralization exacerbates air pollution problems.Local government competition,environmental protection expenditures,and sewage charges can improve air quality,but fiscal decentralization will offset positive effect;(2)The impact on air pollution is highly regionalized in lightly polluted and heavily polluted areas under fiscal decentralization.Local government competition and sewage charges can improve air quality in heavily pollu-ted areas,and the effect is not significant in lightly polluted areas.Air pollution control and ecological civilization construction must not only regulate local government competition,increase environmental protection expenditure and strengthen the management of sewage charges,but also carry out the reform of fiscal and taxation system and focus on the establishment of long-term mechanism such as the orientation of economic development and the standard of promotion of officials.

关 键 词：财政分权 政府行为 空气污染 

分 类 号：F812.7[经济管理—财政学]