半开放式猪舍内不同饲养阶段空气颗粒物的质量浓度分布及其影响因素研究  

Study on Mass Concentration of Particulate Matters and Its influencing factors of Semi-opened Swine Barns During Different Pig Breeding Stages

作　　者：郭子立 郝晓霞[1] 宋威臻 胡红文 白莲 白林[1] GUO Zili;HAO Xiaoxia;SONG Weizhen;HU Hongwen;BAI Lian;BAI Lin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Neijiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Neijiang 641000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物科技学院,四川成都611130 [2]四川省内江市农业科学院,四川内江641000

出　　处：《中国猪业》2019年第7期95-100,105,共7页China Swine Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31702156);生猪产业技术体系四川创新团队建设项目(SZCXTD-2);四川省内江市科技孵化项目(2017KJFH023)

摘　　要：为了探讨半开放式猪舍内不同饲养阶段空气颗粒物质量浓度分布及其影响因素。在距离猪舍内地面1.5m处使用颗粒物便携式采样器采集某猪场的半开放式妊娠舍、哺乳舍、保育舍、育肥舍等4栋舍内颗粒物的质量浓度,每天采样4次,每次2 h,连续采样3 d,计算猪舍内颗粒物的质量浓度并探究颗粒物质量浓度与通风、饲喂及季节等因素的关系。发现冬季保育舍内PM2.5、PM10和总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的含量最高,分别为0.86mg/m^3、0.91 mg/m^3和1.30 mg/m^3,其次为育肥舍,哺乳舍与妊娠舍内的颗粒物的质量浓度最低;人工饲喂可导致哺乳舍内总颗粒物和PM10的质量浓度显著升高2倍以上,且PM10的含量增加是TSP升高的主要原因;在夏季使用机械通风能有效降低保育舍内50%左右总颗粒物和PM10的质量浓度;冬季哺乳舍内PM2.5、PM10、TSP的含量比夏季高1.4倍。由此可见,人工饲喂会使畜舍内颗粒物质量浓度增加;与自然通风相比,机械通风有利于降低畜舍内颗粒物质量浓度;冬季舍内的颗粒物质量浓度高于夏季。根据以上结果,可以制定有效的猪舍空气质量控制方案。To investigate concentration of particulate matters and its influencing factors of semi-opened swine barns during different pig breeding stages.The concentration of particulate matter in semi-open gestation,farrowing,weaning and fattening house was measured at 1.5 m from the ground in the pig house.Samples were collected for 2 hours each time,4 times a day in continuous 3 days.The relationship between particulate matter concentration and ventilation,feeding and season was explored.The results showed as follows:the highest PM2.5,PM10 and TSP concentrations of 0.86,0.91 and 1.30 mg/m^3,respectively,were obtained in the weaning house in winter,followed by fattening house in which slightly higher particulate concentrations than in the farrowing and gestation houses was detected.Besides,manually feeding can increase the total particulate matters and PM10 content in farrowing house at least two times in the air,and the increase of TSP was attributed to the increase of PM10 content.The use of mechanical ventilation in the summer can effectively reduce the concentration of particulate matters and PM10 around 50% in weaning house,and the concentrations of PM2.5,PM10 and TSP in farrowing house were more than 140%higher in winter than in summer.It can been seen that artificial feeding can increase the concentration of particulate matter in livestock houses.Compared with natural ventilation,mechanical ventilation can reduce the concentration of particulate matter in livestock houses.The concentration of particulate matter in winter is higher than that in summer.Effective plans on air quality control can be made according the results above.

关 键 词：颗粒物 质量浓度 猪舍 人工饲喂 通风 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学] S811.5[农业科学—畜牧兽医]