柏木低效林5种改造措施对土壤动物和土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of five low-benefit Cupressus funebris recovery measures on soil fauna and physical and chemical properties

作　　者：铁烈华 白文玉[1] 冯茂松[1] 吴韬[1] 李文兵[1] 韩东苗 TIE Liehua;BAI Wenyu;FENG Maosong;WU Tao;LI Wenbing;HAN Dongmiao(College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2019年第5期1053-1060,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目（2011BAC09B05）;四川省水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室项目资助~~

摘　　要：为了解不同柏木低效林改造措施对土壤生态系统结构与功能的影响,采用随机区组设计方法共设置5种改造措施,即柏木林下种核桃+牧草(草木犀,措施Ⅰ;黑麦草,措施Ⅱ)、核桃+覆盖物(遮阴网,措施Ⅲ;玉米秸秆,措施Ⅳ)、核桃(措施V),研究柏木低效林5种改造措施对土壤动物和土壤理化性质的影响.结果表明:与CK和措施Ⅴ相比,措施Ⅰ-Ⅳ增加(P <0.05)了土壤动物个体密度、类群数,改变了土壤动物群落组成,且措施Ⅳ的土壤动物个体密度、类群数最大;措施Ⅴ对土壤动物个体密度和类群数影响不显著(P> 0.05),但改变了土壤动物群落组成;不同改造措施对土壤动物垂直分布的影响略有不同;措施Ⅰ-Ⅱ显著影响了土壤全K含量、容重、田间持水率和总孔隙度,措施Ⅲ显著(P<0.05)增加了土壤全K含量,措施Ⅳ显著(P<0.05)增加了土壤全N、全K含量和总孔隙度,措施Ⅴ显著(P<0.05)降低了土壤有机质含量.可见,柏木林下种核桃+牧草、核桃+覆盖物增加了土壤动物多样性和土壤养分含量,改变了土壤动物群落组成和垂直分布,可能会提高土壤生态系统结构与功能,且柏木林下种核桃+玉米秸秆的效果可能更佳.A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of five low-benefit cypress recovery measures on the physical and chemical properties of,and fauna present in,soil to better understand the structure and function of soil ecosystems.Five recovery measures(Ⅰ-Ⅴ) and a control(CK) were set by a randomized block design as follows:(Ⅰ) planting walnut+Melilotus officinalis under cypress-forest,(Ⅱ) planting walnut+Lolium perenne under cypress-forest,(Ⅲ) planting walnut+shade net under cypress-forest,(Ⅳ) planting walnut+corn straw litter under cypress-forest,(Ⅴ) planting walnut under cypress-forest,and CK cypress-forest without planting.The density and groups of soil fauna for measures Ⅰ-Ⅳ were significantly higher than those for CK and measure Ⅴ(P <0.05),indicating that soil fauna compositions were altered by measures Ⅰ-Ⅳ.Measure Ⅳshowed the largest soil fauna density and number of groups,while measure Ⅴ affected soil fauna composition but had no effect on soil fauna density or number of groups(P> 0.05).The spatial distributions of soil fauna for the different measures were slightly different.Measure Ⅰ and Ⅱ significantly affected the total K content,bulk density,field water holding capacity,and total porosity of the soil(P <0.05).Measure Ⅲ significantly increased the total K content of the soil(P <0.05).Measure IV significantly increased the total N and K content and the total porosity of the soil(P <0.05).Measure V significantly reduced soil organic matter content(P <0.05).The recovery measures of planting walnut+grass and walnut+cover increased soil fauna diversity and nutrient content while altering the composition and spatial distribution of soil fauna,which may improve the structure and function of the soil ecosystem.Planting walnut+corn straw litter under cypress-forest may be the best recovery measure.

关 键 词：低效林 柏木 土壤理化性质 土壤动物 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]