南海区市场外环境禽流感病毒污染情况分析  

Analysis on the environmental contamination status of avian influenza virus in poultry markets in Nanhai district

作　　者：曾鸿 柯志攀 张彦丽 苏彦 ZENG Hong;KE Zhi-pan;ZHANG Yan-li;SU-Yan(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanhai District,Foshan,Guangdong528200,China)

机构地区：[1]南海区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2019年第5期717-720,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

摘　　要：目的了解佛山市南海区禽类市场外环境禽流感病毒的污染状况,为预防和控制禽流感疫情提供科学依据。方法采集南海区2013-2018年禽类市场外环境标本,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测甲型流感病毒核酸以及H5、H7、H9亚型流感病毒核酸,并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果 2014-2018年共采集禽类市场外环境标本2 393份进行检测,甲型流感病毒阳性率为24.07%,且呈现明显的冬春季节高发规律。其中H9亚型流感病毒污染最为严重,占53.47%,H5亚型流感病毒占10.07%,H7亚型流感病毒占6.94%。在不同环境类型标本的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=52.227,P<0.05),阳性率最高的是宰杀或摆放禽肉案板台面和刀具砧板涂抹标本(分别占33.70%和32.20%),其他类型标本中均检出不同程度的病毒污染。结论 2014-2018年佛山市南海区禽类市场外环境检出多种亚型的禽流感病毒,污染呈明显的季节性,屠宰、销售环节相关外环境污染状况最为严重。因此,应根据病毒污染流行规律在重点时段、重点环节落实禽类市场外环境清洁消毒制度,同时做好对重点人群的个人防护工作。Objective To analyze the pollution status of avian influenza in poultry markets in Nanhai district of Foshan,provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of human avian influenza.Methods The samples were collected in poultry markets in Nanhai district during 2014 and 2018.Flu A virus nucleic acid, H5,H7 and H9 subtypes of avian influenza virus nucleic acid were detected by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method, and the results were analyzed statistically. Results A total of 2 393 environmental samples were collected and detected during 2014 and 2018,and the overall positive rate of avian influenza A virus was 24.07%,which showed obvious high incidence regularity in winter and spring.Among the results,the positive rate of H9 subtype was 53.47%,H5 subtype was 10.07%. And H7 subtype was 6.94%.There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate among samples of different environmental types(χ^2 =52.227,P<0.05), the board surfaces for slaughtering or placing poultry had the highest positive rate(33.70%),followed by the cutting tools and Chopping blocks(32.20%).Different levels of viral contamination were detected in other types of specimens.Conclusions From 2014 to 2018,various subtypes of avian influenza virus were detected in the external environment of poultry market in Nanhai district of Foshan,and the pollution is obviously seasonal.Slaughtering and sales are the most serious sectors of contamination.Therefore, according to the epidemical trend of avian influenza virus,the cleaning and disinfection system of the poultry markets should be implemented in key periods and key links, and the personal protection of key groups should be well done at the same time.

关 键 词：禽流感病毒 禽类市场 污染 

分 类 号：R115[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]